Showing posts with label Interest rates. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Interest rates. Show all posts

Sunday, August 31, 2025

Appeals Court Rules (7vs4) Against Trump, but Life Goes On - Weekly Blog # 904

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Appeals Court Rules (7vs4)

Against Trump, but Life Goes On

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

All of us were unprepared

The “Founding Fathers” designed our government to protect the minority against the majority, with the courts ruling on critical decisions. Now that the future of tariffs rests with the courts, I suspect The President will push for a quick decision.

 

I would hope at the end of judgement day we will have answers to two of the motivating drivers behind The President using tariffs to force discussions with both Congress and foreign countries.

  • The first is “Non-Tariff Trade Barriers”, which may be larger than the size of the reciprocal tariffs, which are policies the importing nation forces on the exporting nation. The prohibition of certain fertilizers on imported food elements, or various power constraints on mechanical equipment or transportation vehicles are examples. There are a multitude of restrictions like these imposed by national or local governments on people’s taste buds. In total, these restrictions may very well be enormous in aggregate.
  • The second issue is the use of the money generated by the tariffs. (It is well worth remembering that for more than a hundred years, tariffs were the main source of funding for the US government.) Economically, tariffs are a tax on the society. However, it is not clear whether the funds raised will fall under the control of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or some other instrument of government. The funds raised may potentially be used to reduce the existing deficit, pay for the newly issued tax breaks, or paid out directly to consumers.


The answers to these questions are needed to solve the riddle of weather these tariffs add to or reduce inflation. The independence of the Federal Reserve Bank is therefore a critical factor in dealing with the tariff issues. Many feel the Fed controls short-term interest rates and influences intermediate-term rates. However, it is not that simple. In an article by George Calhoun in Forbes, he lists recent experiences where the Fed lowered rates while the markets raised them. One of the reasons rates rose is the dollar declined or was expected to fall. George Calhoun is a professor and fellow board member at the Stevens Institute of Technology.

 

The commodity markets are keenly conscious of inflation expectations. This week commodity futures rose, led by natural gas +2.64%, gold +1.21%, and copper +1.01%. Another way to play the same trend is in the stocks of the commodity producers, which are owned by specialty funds. Specialty precious metals funds rose +2.70%, China funds +1.31%, Agricultural funds +1.30%, and Base Metals funds +1.12%. While the Courts will decide on the appropriate questions, the markets will collectively reward those who guess right regarding the direction of prices.

 

Please provide any thoughts that might give me a clue on how to avoid losing money and perhaps make some.   

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: What We Should Have Been Watching? - Weekly Blog # 903

Mike Lipper's Blog: The Week That Wasn't - Weekly Blog # 902

Mike Lipper's Blog: DIFFERENT IMPLICATIONS: DATA VS. TEXT - Weekly Blog # 901



 

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Sunday, August 24, 2025

What We Should Have Been Watching? - Weekly Blog # 903

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

What We Should Have Been Watching?

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

Lessons from the racetrack and life

At any given time, humans tend to congregate around what is most important to them or what is going to happen. These topics are labeled favorites, both at the track and by psychologists. On any given day at the track favorites win a minority of the races. More importantly, when favorites win the payoffs are relatively small, as the winnings must be shared with a large number who have reached the same conclusion.  Thus, backing the favorite is a low return game.

 

The problem in going with the less popular is their winning ratio is lower, as most people bet on the favorites. Thus, in terms of frequency, favorite betting wins.

 

There is a more rewarding goal, winning more money over time with less frequency but higher returns. This is the choice I learned at the track and apply to investing in securities.

 

This Week as an Example

Using the public media and limited public conversation, their favorite investment topic was the speech by Fed Chair Jerome Powell at Woods Hole, the implication of which was a cut in short-term interest rates. While most investors believe these are probably the most important questions to be asked, I believe there are more important questions with higher, longer-term implications. These can be grouped under labels of concentration and valuation.

 

Concentration

Much has been written about the amount of money invested in seven or ten largely technology/financial stocks. One study shows that the ten most popular stocks in the S&P 500 represent 38% of the total value of the entire index. On average, the ten largest market caps in the index between 1880 and 2010 represented only 24%. However, I question the math or source because railroads represented 63% of the stock market in 1881.

 

This observation is of particular interest to me as a graduate of Columbia College. Around 1880 Columbia had an endowment account restricted to investment in the most secure stocks. You guessed it, lawyers restricted the investments to railroads!! This particular endowment was to be spent on bricks for the campus. Thus, for many years all of Columbia’s buildings were brick faced.

 

There were many important implications that should have been drawn from this case, especially since every single railroad went into bankruptcy years later. However, if you had included political analysis along with legal analysis it was obvious railroads had become too powerful in the country.

 

In terms of political analysis and understanding how the US works politically, people should read a new 856-page book written by Bruce Ellig, a good friend of ours. The title of the book is “What You Should Know about the 47 US Presidents”. The book devotes a chapter to each President, covering the most important laws and regulations of his term. Included in the book is information about the President’s life and personal activities.

 

Valuations

John Auters of Bloomberg believes “valuations are extreme”. Prices in terms of sales, earnings, book value, and dividends are at a stretching point. In a recent survey of intuitional managers, 91% believe the US market is overvalued and 49% believe emerging markets are undervalued. Some 60 years ago I worked for a research-director who believed shipments of boxes were a good economic indicator. They probably still are, and that is why I took notice that they were down -5% in the second quarter.

 

With the federal government pushing to let retail investors participate in private capital transactions, particularly private equity, the health of the market for these longer-term, illiquid investments, could impact the listed market. There are approximately 3100 positions in private capital firms that are unsold. Their retail owners may not see the level of distributions they were expecting, which could unfortunately increase the volume of listed securities to be sold.

 

Long-Term Horizons:

 In the long run equity investing can generate very attractive returns. A dollar invested in the 1870 equity market by the 25th of July would be worth $32,240 in nominal dollars before taxes this year.

 

 As often said, history does not repeat but often rhymes. There are a number of parallels with the market crash of August 1929 to November 1936, and the economic depression that followed from February 1937 to February 1945, which will be discussed in upcoming blogs.

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: The Week That Wasn't - Weekly Blog # 902

Mike Lipper's Blog: DIFFERENT IMPLICATIONS: DATA VS. TEXT - Weekly Blog # 901

Mike Lipper's Blog: Rising Risk Focus - Weekly Blog # 900



 

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Sunday, March 9, 2025

Separating: Present, Renewals, & Fulfilment - Weekly Blog # 879

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Separating: Present, Renewals, & Fulfilment

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

 First Priority

Determining the motivation of the client and the account’s heirs is key to understanding the performance of most investment accounts. When asking the real investment account decision-maker about the driving motivation, it is often singular even though multiple other motivations are listed. (It often takes many discussions to reach the effective truth. Over time and changing situations the driving motivations may change.)

 

With most individuals, critical decisions are based on selected discussions with highly respected individuals, which may change over time due to changing circumstances. Most often these individual decision advisers are not revealed to the “hired hands” of the portfolio manager. All too often the unofficial managers express their opinions based on their own experience, which may have little relevance to the long-term needs of the account. These accounts are effectively managed by people known and unknown to the professional manager. Thus, the crucial job for the professional is to communicate effectively with those having meaningful influence on the account. Not an easy job.

 

The Second Motivation

The owner of the account should understand that there is a second motivation operating in practically all situations. The prime motivation of the investment manager is to continue the relationship with the present controller of the account, which includes the periodic renewal of the relationship. The relationship rests primarily on the communication skills of the manager in reaching the expected satisfaction level. This is a two-part job, where the first task is setting and updating expectations. The second task is delivering the expected return and communicating the proper expectation. This is again a two-fold job, with the first task satisfying the adjusted needs of the account in absolute return terms. The next part is where many managers fall down, the artform of selecting appropriate comparisons. This is where my biases enter. I do not believe a managed account should be compared to a list of securities selected by a manager. It should instead be compared to a fund portfolio with real expenses and diversification requirements, similar to the account itself.

 

The Most Important Motivation

Most of the money in the United States is managed directly or indirectly for “retirement needs”, which has lengthened over time. “Retirement” can include the institutional needs of academic, medical, and cultural institutions. What makes these accounts challenging is the receipt of money near term to meet future needs, which may not be well-defined in the current period.

 

Currently, the biggest hurdle in managing long-term money is the new economic/financial situation, which is different from the recent past. Most of the time change moves relatively slowly, which allows the participants time to adjust their actions to the pace of change. However, there are some brief periods of even more rapid change where it is difficult to catch up and adjust to the radical changes. I believe we have entered such a period and expect to have more difficulty predicting the future. For a period, we will likely be out of step with the fundamental changes likely to occur.

 

What is Changing?

The following elements of change surfaced last week.

  • Weekly S&P sector performance: S&P Finance +2.80% vs -4.01% for S&P Tech.
  • Goldman Sachs will soon cut 3-5% of its Vice Presidents.
  • Schroders will lay off 200 employees to refocus and improve profit margins. They will also cut their Executive Committee by half, which is 44% family owned.
  • There are $3 trillion ageing and unsold private equity deals. (Retail investors are taking risks in Private Equity that exceed public investing protections.)
  • The US has not seen so much restructuring in the Federal Government, Corporations, Energy, and Retail since the Depression.
  • The AAII weekly sample survey’s 6-month bullish prediction is now 19.3% vs 57.3%. (The lowest I have seen, which is often wrong at turning points)
  • Global financial communities are developing new instruments that can be leveraged.
  • With copper and coffee commodity prices going up, I am not surprised the Fed is holding off on lowering interest rates.
  • There is probably more to the reluctance in naming a bank supervisor than we know.

 

We know that history does not repeat (exactly), but it does rhyme. There is an incomplete comparison one could make with the 1930s, but I hope it isn’t so.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Reality is Different than Economic/Financial Models - Weekly Blog # 878

Mike Lipper's Blog: Four Lessons Discussed - Weekly Blog # 877

Mike Lipper's Blog: Recognizing Change as it Happens - Weekly Blog # 876



 

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Sunday, February 23, 2025

Four Lessons Discussed - Weekly Blog # 877

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Four Lessons Discussed

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 


 Farmers’ Experience Led to the Crash

Is 1930 a preview of 202x? To set the stage, the 1920s were a period of transition and economic expansion. America and most of the industrial world enjoyed meaningful economic progress spurred on by the encouragement of increased debt. Governments, companies, individuals, and farmers used the resources of others to leverage their assets with increasing debt, fulfilling their perceived needs at ever increasing rates. The lessons of the 50-years before WWI were distant memories.

 

Due to WWI mobilization, women entered the workforce in increased numbers. The returning military found farm work too hard and too poorly paid on the farms. Financial communities, which had extensive experience with debt and leverage, found vast new markets for the financial skills of banks and others. Thus, the missing manpower was replaced by expensive machines and chemicals, which led to farmers owning leveraged machines and farms.

 

The age-old problem with leverage is the cost-price spread abruptly narrows. In a world becoming increasingly more global, international trade becomes the fulcrum-point of the fluctuating cost-price spread. To protect those in the middle from price swings, tariffs and other restrictive measures were introduced.


The US consumer desired ever-increasing amounts of food, with much of it imported from lower cost countries. To protect home-grown crops, additional costs and restrictions were placed on imports. Exporting countries fought back by lowering their prices to a point where domestically produced products could not compete effectively. Consequently, domestic farmers got their elected politicians to impose tariffs on imports, like the Smoot-Hawley tariff that President Hoover was reluctant to do. (It was repealed three years later) Other nations reacted by imposing their own tariffs on US exports, which was a contributing cause for WWII. 

 

What will be the impact of the proposed Reciprocal Tariffs being proposed? Despite what is being said, it seems unlikely consumers will avoid some or more of the cost.

 

Learning from Uncle Warren

This weekend Berkshire Hathaway (*) published its results for the 4th quarter and all of 2024, along with a well thought out discussion. The company has four main revenue sources for the heirs of its shareholders. Berkshire has total or partial ownership of over 180 private companies and a smaller but better-known portfolio of quite large publicly traded companies. They also have an increasingly large portfolio of short-term US Treasuries, which increase in value as interest rates rise.

 

The difference between what their insurance companies charge and their eventual payout is called a “float”. In the most current period all earnings asset categories rose, except for the holdings of the publicly owned securities which declined because of sales. The total portfolio rose and is selling very close to its all-time high. Considering the company announced it is being managed for the benefit of today’s shareholder heirs; it is extremely appropriate to occasionally reduce its near-term market risks. (It is worth noting, the remaining two lessons in this blog suggest caution is warranted.)

(*) Owned in Personal and Client accounts

 

The Leading Mutual Funds Suggest US Risk

Each week I look at over 1500 SEC registered mutual funds, as well as many more in the global world. Usually, a number of different drivers describe the leaders of the week.

 

The list below shows the investment objective assigned to the fund:

Precious Metals Equity           21.04%

Commodities Precious Metals      11.86

International Large-Cap Value     8.60

International Mid-Cap Value       8.54

Commodities Base Metals           8.34

International Large-Cap Growth    8.24

Commodities Agriculture           8.15


Warren Buffet, among others, is concerned that the US government may cause the value of the US dollar to drop.


The year-to-date winners are not investing in the US.

 

“Debt Has Always Been the Ruin of Great Powers. Is the U.S. Next?”

 Above is the title of Niall Ferguson’s article in Saturday’s Wall Street Journal where he introduces Ferguson’s Law, which was crafted in 1767. The law states “that any great power that spends more on debt service than on defense risks ceasing to be a great power.” According to the author, debt service includes repayment of debt and defense includes all costs to maintain the military. The US has just passed this milestone, but it would take an extended period to fundamentally break the Ferguson Law.

 

Working Conclusion

Be careful and share your thoughts, particularly if you disagree.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Recognizing Change as it Happens - Weekly Blog # 876

Mike Lipper's Blog: A Rush to the 1930s - Weekly Blog # 875

Mike Lipper's Blog: More Evidence of New Era - Weekly Blog # 874



 

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Sunday, January 12, 2025

Navigating a New Investment Landscape Amid Political and Structural Challenges - Weekly Blog # 871

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Navigating a New Investment Landscape

Amid Political and Structural Challenges

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

It seems we’ve entered a new phase in the investment and political landscape, marked by a shift in leadership rhetoric and strategy. Two prominent U.S. political figures have emerged with ambitious proposals aimed at addressing global challenges. Their approaches are novel but lack grounding in the current political and economic structures and are deficient the experienced teams needed to implement such revolutionary ideas effectively.

 

This lack of preparation extends to their inability to articulate clear plans for reshaping the tax and legal frameworks that underpin these initiatives. As history has shown, it’s one thing to suggest sweeping changes and quite another to navigate the intricate process of execution. The political structure, with its numerous committees and competing interests, will likely make swift action both costly and slow.


Further complicating the outlook are legal hurdles. Many of the proposed changes are bound to face challenges in the courts, and state-level resistance will add another layer of complexity—particularly as we approach the midterm elections in 2026. Even the 2028 presidential election may not yield a resolution to many of these contentious issues, as a single-term president rarely has the time or political capital to enact and sustain transformative change.

 

Internationally, the situation is equally fraught. Most foreign governments remain unpopular with their own citizens and their policy maneuvers could further complicate U.S. domestic politics. This interplay between global and domestic pressures creates an unpredictable environment for investors and policymakers alike.

 

Education: A Critical Bottleneck in U.S. Productivity

One structural issue underpinning these challenges is the state of education in the United States. From pre-K to PhD programs, our education system struggles to produce workers equipped with the skills necessary for a competitive and productive economy. This shortfall is one of the reasons U.S. productivity lags behind its potential, especially when compared to other advanced economies.

 

Leadership Development: A Missed Opportunity

Another critical issue lies in how we cultivate leaders, particularly in business. Too often senior managers are not given the opportunities they need to learn, adapt, and ultimately succeed. This is a lesson I’ve come to recognize in my own small business. In hindsight, I’ve been guilty of not providing my junior team members with enough hands-on experience to develop their skills fully. This shortfall isn’t unique to my situation, it’s a systemic issue across industries and is one that hinders the ability of future leaders to thrive.

 

Final Thoughts on Political and Economic Uncertainty

Navigating this era of political and economic uncertainty will require a combination of patience, adaptability, and strategic foresight. While the challenges are significant, they also present opportunities for investors and leaders who can anticipate changes and position themselves accordingly. As we move forward, it’s crucial we address foundational issues like education and leadership development — both of which are essential to building a more resilient and productive society.

 

Multiple Changes on the Horizon

A new administration will usher in a number of changes, adding to those already in place but still in their infancy. These changes are significant and will likely have an impact on us all in some way or another. They present investment opportunities and some risk, so it behooves us all to be aware of them.

 

Interest Rates

The market sold off on Friday, largely as a result of good employment news signaling a decent economy, causing investors to fear a good economy getting in the way of future Fed rate cuts. However, there is debate among others concerning the necessity of further interest rate cuts, as the economy is reasonably strong, and interest rates are already below historic norms.

 

Longer-term Treasury rates have continued to rise alongside Fed rate cuts, as future government debt refinancing needs put upward pressure on rates. While higher interest rates will be an obstacle for businesses to overcome, a good economy should provide opportunities for businesses to excel.

 

There is a misunderstanding that interest rates are an initiator of change. This is a problem brought on by the failure of the educational system.  From pre-nursery schools continuing on through to PhDs. Important changes in the global direction of the economy are caused not by top-down thinking of governments, but by the success and failures of commercial ventures, starting with small businesses.  

 

Long-term investors need to pay attention to the edges of progress and the failures of business.  For investors the focus should be on the development of people working at the edge of progress.  This is not to say that small businesses are good investments, but they are change agents in terms of progress and that is where intelligent focus should be placed. We welcome subscribers’ views in contradiction and occasional support of these ideas.

 

Technology

We are in the early stages of a significant technological revolution, with AI, robotics, and quantum computing likely to change the world in ways we can barely conceive. The investment implications will likely be significant. However, what it does to employment around the world is an open question.

 

Energy

An energy renaissance is on the horizon, not only for fossil fuels, but for nuclear energy too. Small-scale nuclear power plants are increasingly being considered by global businesses in anticipation of the increased energy needs required by our new technological future. Small scale nuclear is now being embraced by the left and the right, so it is very likely we will see some of this trend materialize. Increased energy production and lower energy costs should be a boon to business.

 

The Middle East and Ukraine

We could see peace restored in the Middle East and Ukraine as a new administration with different ideas enters office. Peace in these regions will lead to the necessary rebuilding of homes and infrastructure. It remains to be seen where the funds for rebuilding will come from and what global political deals will be struck to make that happen. While this will be a burden on governments and taxpayers, businesses will likely find new opportunities.

 

The Panama Canal and Greenland

The potential threat posed by China’s control of global choke points has raised the issue of control of the Panama Canal and Greenland. The Panama Canal is an important trade route for the US and its control cannot be allowed to fall into the hands of an increasingly aggressive China.

 

Greenland is expected to be an increasingly important trade route, especially as global warming continues to heat up the planet. Additionally, Greenland has a number of minerals and metals needed for a technology driven future. The control of both the Panama Canal and Greenland will likely be significant global topics of discussion in 2025, with investment implications further in the future.

 

California Fires

The California fires have been devastating in their scale and impact on people’s lives. Over 200,000 people have been displaced and over 12,000 homes and buildings have been destroyed. The emotional and financial cost will be significant. Rebuilding will not come soon enough for some people, and they may just find it easier to restart their lives elsewhere.

 

The cost of rebuilding will place a financial strain on all participants: insurance companies, Los Angeles area cities, the state of California, the Federal government, and people with inadequate insurance. The fires may even change the political landscape, refocusing California voters on bread-and-butter issues rather than social issues. Much like the rebuilding in Ukraine and the Middle East, the rebuilding in California will result in costs to government and taxpayers but will also present business opportunities.

 

Final Thoughts on Changes

Change is often uncomfortable and most of these changes will not be implemented without some problems along the way. However, change also comes with opportunity and those who embrace it will be the beneficiaries. Uncertainty often makes the market nervous, so buckle up, it will likely be a wild ride.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Unclear Data Mostly Bearish, but Bullish Later - Weekly Blog # 870

Mike Lipper's Blog: A Different Year End Blog: Looking Forward - Weekly Blog # 869

Mike Lipper's Blog: Three Rs + Beginnings of a New Cycle - Weekly Blog # 868



 

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A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

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Sunday, December 22, 2024

Three Rs + Beginnings of a New Cycle - Weekly Blog # 868

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Three Rs + Beginnings of a New Cycle

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

Three Rs Describe the Week

The first part of the week in terms of transaction volume on the NYSE + NASDAQ looked somewhat normal, but by midafternoon the world changed. We got the expected ¼ percent cut in Fed interest rates. However, during the press conference Jerome Powell stipulated his lack of confidence in the intermediate future outlook for Fed actions. As the conference went on, selling accelerated. By the closing bell many stocks had fallen, then some fell between 3-5% or more in the after-market. Interestingly, Thursday saw little movement. Trading volume for the first four days of the week was 4.72 million shares. On Friday there was news of one indicator showing inflation likely to decline, which was greeted with 8.13 million shares traded mostly on rising prices.

 

This was the first R, demonstrating the trader’s recalibration of inflation estimates, showing particular strength in techs and high-quality bond prices crunching.

 

The second R saw a further breakdown in the reversal chart pattern of the DJIA and DJTA. (Chart reading is an artform and is not accurate all the time.)

 

The third R, the need to deal with reconciliation of the budget, was perhaps the most significant and became known on Saturday. The final votes in favor were impressive. The House voted 366 to 34 in favor and the Senate 85 to 11. This proved my earlier view that there was no real landslide for President Trump. The American people don’t want much legislation or many executive orders.

 

What Does This Mean?

We live in a world where:

  • Most governments are tolerated or downright unpopular.
  • Technology appears to create more problems.
  • People are afraid of both political and corporate leadership.
  • The education sector can’t even run its own campuses safely. They are producing unemployable and over-privileged people only ready for “C-suites”.
  • Hard science is not providing much help for the soft science needs of the population.

 

Several examples of not understanding labels hit me this week, emerging markets and large global companies dominated by the five largest firms. The largest firms are attractive because they are exporters to large markets. Thus, to be successful one must be global.

 

Another example is the published list of the 15 best and worst mutual funds. If you are a large investor, the list is misleading. Of the best performing funds, 13 funds were from large fund families, whereas only 6 funds were from large fund families on the worst funds list.

 

Even with AI people need to think more thoroughly.

 

Please suggest what you think the next cycle will look like. 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Confessions & Confusion of a “Numbers Nerd” - Weekly Blog # 867

Mike Lipper's Blog: It Doesn’t Feel Like a Bull Market - Weekly Blog # 866

Mike Lipper's Blog: Professional Worry Time vs Amateurs’ - Weekly Blog # 865



 

Did someone forward you this blog?

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Sunday, December 15, 2024

Confessions & Confusion of a “Numbers Nerd” - Weekly Blog # 867

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Confessions & Confusion of a “Numbers Nerd”

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

Numbers Tell The Story

 My education at Columbia University, the USMC, and taking the CFA taught me that numbers tell the story. My brother and I created a company that sold mutual fund data for some of the largest fund organizations in the world. The problem is it was the wrong story. I fell into a trap common on the numbers loving Wall Street.  The trap is using numbers as a tool for many applications for which they were not intended.

 

The original sin was using the changing price level to make investment decisions, +10% or -8%. This leads to being happy with +10% and unhappy with -8%. Raw numbers can be misleading, until you understand the usage of numbers and their appropriate comparison.

 

Early in my career I called on the partner and treasurer of a management company who informed me he didn’t need our service because he had found something better. I asked to see this remarkable comparison. He showed the performance of all funds, regardless of mission, in his city! He was using the hometown comparison to set the wages of his workers. (Luckily, an outside lawyer working with the independent fund directors immediately recognized that what I was peddling would be essential for the directors.)

 

This experience brought home that there were at least two different needs in the same shop. The treasurer had an operational need to gage the competitive availability of labor needed for the fund’s work, while the lawyer wanted the directors to know how each of their funds were doing competitively.

 

Numbers in the right context are critical. An example of this is the +10% -8% example. The +10% is quite poor in a league averaging +20%, with the best at +30%. The -8% could be superior when the competitive average is -20% and the worst fund is down -30%.

 

Some psychologists believe losses are twice as painful as the pleasure of gains of similar magnitude. This probably averages out, with losses happening in one of four years in the US, but more frequently in other countries. I believe this pain level should also be addressed in terms of age. The older the individual, the less time they have to fully recover. Many of us rely on gains from investments that have been successful in the past, and our faith in them builds over time, so when they fail it is more destructive.

 

This is one of many reasons that relatively little money flowed into SEC registered “China Funds” this week, even though 13 of them were in the 25 best performing mutual funds. Small-caps pulled ahead of mid-caps for the week, which had performed better this year.

 

Before treating the above as purchase suggestions, I quote from Jaime Dimon “Past Performance is not indictive of future results.” However, I regularly look at investments that have done poorly for a long period of time.

 

Current Environment

Most democracies are unpopular and are favored by a decreasing number of supporters. Even in the US the Ex-President won a narrow victory, benefitting from a significant number of non-voting Americans.

 

With long-term productivity adjusted for inflation, higher than normal interest rates, a decline in the dollar, the near-term outlook is not good. This is perhaps the reason many smart companies are laying people off.

 

Please share your views with me, particularly when you feel I am wrong. I need your help.

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: It Doesn’t Feel Like a Bull Market - Weekly Blog # 866

Mike Lipper's Blog: Professional Worry Time vs Amateurs’ - Weekly Blog # 865

Mike Lipper's Blog: SPORTS FANS SELECT CABINET & OTHER PROBLEMS - Weekly Blog # 864



 

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Copyright © 2008 – 2024

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

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Sunday, October 6, 2024

Mis-Interpreting News - Weekly Blog # 857

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Mis-Interpreting News

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

Understanding Motivations Before Accepting

Investors and other voters should always search for the motivations of people or organizations distributing investment and political solutions. Most of those using megaphones recognize that only a small portion of their audience will react quickly to the pundits besieging them to make commitments of time, votes, or money. Peddlers consequently boil their pitches down into simple sounding solutions. (When have important considerations ever been made briefly?)

 

In terms of making decisions regarding investments, the media is full of quick and often wrong recommendations. For example, far too many investors have been informed that the rise or fall of interest rates, as determined by the Federal Reserve, is the key determinant of future investment performance and the growth of global economies.

 

As a trained sceptic and rarely a bettor on favorites at the racetrack or in other competitive games, I suggest interest rate changes result from the numerous impacts of identified and unidentified forces. I believe the following factors should be considered:

  1. Remember, the Fed was created to replace the power of J.P. Morgan, the man, the bank, and the use of his locked library. During the Wall Street crash in 1907 numerous trust companies were failing, with still more expected to fail. Mr. Morgan called for a meeting of the leading bankers in his library. After assembling the bankers in the library, he locked the doors and stated he would not unlock them until all bankers committed funds to the bailout of a failing trust company that had made poor loans. The Washington government felt too much power was entrusted to one man. Relatively soon after they organized the Federal Reserve Bank. With an eye to public relations, they never specifically stated the real reason for creating the Fed, which was to reduce the risks of bank failures due to bad loans. Bank failures continue to be a risk in the US, and some have occurred in numerous other countries in Europe and Asia. Today, the Fed has supervisory power over a portion of US banks, which is their first order of business.
  2. Demographics and Psychographics change slowly most of the time but have long-term impacts on our financial and political structure. An example is our falling birthrates and the fall in educational standards, which probably leads to declining productivity levels.
  3. Both trade and military wars create imbalances, which in turn cause global economic changes.
  4. Discoveries of natural resources and those made in a laboratory can cause economic and political disruptions Remember what the discovery of gold in Latin America did to the economies of Europe and America. The discovery of oil in the US and Saudi Arabia was equally disruptive of the status quo.
  5. The personalities of leaders and managers are very different in terms of their focus on the short and long-term decisions.  

 

Since we don’t conduct in depth psychological interviews with a wide sample of the economy, we don’t know why people act the way they do. We tend to believe that events occur close to when decisions are made. This has led to following beliefs and their assumed stimuluses:

  1. Clark Gabel’s appearance in a film bare chested killed subsequent undershirt sales.
  2. After the movie Matrix 2, Cadillac dealers couldn’t keep large SUVs in stock due to sales demand.
  3. The lipstick indicator and the length of women’s skirts were each believed to predict the direction of the stock market.

 

I don’t know what will cause of the next recession or depression, but one or more of the non-Fed rate cuts may be the first indicator of problems ahead and deserve to be watched.

 

Some Attention Should be Paid to the Following Factors

  1. One of the causes of WWII was the US putting an oil Embargo on Japan. The same administration had our aircraft carrier leave Pearl Harbor without protective support ships in December 1941. (It was the planes from these carriers that led to a victory around Midway.)
  2. More recently, there has been a 75% decline in commercial flights from China to the US. Most of the decline due to reductions by Chinese airlines.
  3.  Around the world, bank depositors are moving up to half their money into investments, accepting the risk that goes along with it.
  4. A survey of Japanese workers suggests that 25% will be searching for jobs in 2025. (Lifetime employment used to be standard in Japan.)
  5. 20% of Indian retail investors are accepting risk.
  6. Manufacturing has hired less people in three out of the last four months. Even more significant for our country is an increase in short-term consumption spending, not longer-term investment needs.
  7. People have diverse views regarding investments and other expenditures. The prices for NYSE and NASDAQ stocks rose this week, while the plurality of bullish views declined in the AAII weekly sample survey. In the latest week, the bulls had an 18% advantage over the bears, down from a 26% advantage the prior week.

 

Please share your thoughts.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Investors Not Traders Are Worried - Weekly Blog # 856

Mike Lipper's Blog: Many Quite Different Markets are in “The Market” - Weekly Blog # 855

Mike Lipper's Blog: Implications from 2 different markets - Weekly Blog # 854



 

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Copyright © 2008 – 2024

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

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Sunday, September 29, 2024

Investors Not Traders Are Worried - Weekly Blog # 856

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Investors, Not Traders, Are Worried

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018




Investors are concerned that their US dollar capital could be insufficient to completely fulfill their important responsibilities. Not all their concerns will be successfully addressed, many of them will likely continue to be problems for capital owners and beneficiaries. A short list of the visible problems follows in no particular order:

  1. The number of voluntary and non-voluntary retirees is growing in many developed western countries. They are growing faster than the number of workers eliminated by “AI’s” future impact. In the US today there are four workers for every retiree. It used to be nine.
  2. The American privilege of having the most valuable currency is fading. One Presidential candidate wishes for a lower value, while both advocate for disguised inflation that will reduce the value of US currency. This will lead to higher interest rates on debt sold to overseas buyers.
  3. One of the ways the wealthy protect themselves is by reducing cash holdings in favor of investing in various forms of art. “The Art Market Is Tanking” according to WSJ’s front-page article on auction prices and volumes.
  4. Increasingly, investors and corporations are using exports and foreign investments to escape local regulations and taxes. Globally, 128,000 millionaires plan to move their domicile in 2024.
  5. The Fed’s reduction in interest rates is unlikely to lead to a “soft-landing”, unless fresh capital is invested in plant/equipment.
  6. Forty three percent of the stocks in the Russell 2000 are unprofitable. Unless the contemplated government grants to new start-ups is run by the SBA or a similar agency, it will lead to large scale losses of family and friends’ capital.
  7. The CFA Institute conducted a survey of 4000 CFAs regarding their current view of the market/economy. The findings which will be published shortly are distinctly negative in terms of their outlook. (CFAs earn their designation by passing three rigorous academic type exams. It is worth considering that 4000 CFAs responded to the questions, compared to roughly 1000 in various WSJ and other polls. While there are a number of CFAs that work for brokerage/investment bankers and hedge funds, I guess over half the poll participants work for financial institutions. Most of their clients are more long-term oriented than the clients of many brokers, investment bankers, and hedge funds.)

                                                                                             

Hopefully these views will raise questions and disagreements that subscribers can share with me.  

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Many Quite Different Markets are in “The Market” - Weekly Blog # 855

Mike Lipper's Blog: Implications from 2 different markets - Weekly Blog # 854

Mike Lipper's Blog: Investors Focus on the Wrong Elements - Weekly Blog # 853



 

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A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

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Sunday, September 15, 2024

Implications from 2 different markets - Weekly Blog # 854

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Implications from 2 different markets

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

On balance the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ stocks serve very different investors, as they have different outlooks and current performances. The “Big Board” stocks tend to be older, larger capitalization, have greater media exposure and get more attention from Washington. They are likely to populate brokerage accounts managed or influenced by former commission generators who have since converted to being fee paid advisors. The NYSE also services institutional accounts with substantial capital with limited research and trading professionals, which generally appeals to older clients.

 

Those in Washington and “news” rooms may not be aware that the NASDAQ is home to 4627 stocks vs 2903 for the NYSE, as of this week. In recent years the NASDAQ composite has materially outperformed the NYSE stocks, often identified as the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA).

 

NASDAQ stocks are often more volatile than those traded on the NYSE, because they are smaller and have fewer liquidity providers. This may be the reason why those without trading experience shy away, resulting in more block trades and 3-5 times more NASDAQ volume.

 

Many people confuse the NASDAQ with its Over The Counter (OTC) origin. The NASDAQ is a regulated stock exchange, distinct from the OTC market which is held together by the pink and yellow sheets publishing the competing bid and asked spreads of competing dealers. Since its earlier days, important constituents of the NASDAQ have consisted of local companies, medium size banks, and some foreign stocks.

 

While the NYSE focused on its regulatory responsibilities, the NASDAQ grew through an extensive marketing effort. This marketing effort happened at a time when a large number of what we now call “Tech Companies” were looking to find a trading home. These tech companies joined the NASDAQ exchange, attracting younger, more aggressive, professional investors and traders.

 

Implications

Trying to determine the future is impossible, but military intelligence (an oxymoronic term) attempts to do this by gathering separate elements of information to see if they provide a pathway to one of many futures. This is the approach I take in thinking about the future. While most pundits focus on present price relations, I don’t find them particularly useful. We need to guess what future prices will be for specific future periods.

 

In the short run the following inputs may be relevant:

  1. This week’s high/low prices were 548/168 for the NYSE vs 411/393 for the NASDAQ (Enthusiasm/Caution)
  2. Friday’s percentage of advances were 85% for the NYSE vs 68% for the NASDAQ (Winners are less happy)
  3. The weekly AAII bearish sentiment increased to 31% from 25% the prior week.
  4. Financial Services shorts as a percentage of float saw Franklin Resources* at 8.5%, FactSet at 6.0%, T. Rowe Price* at 4.6%, Raymond James* at 4.2%, Regional Financial at 4.1%, and the sector at 1.9%. (*held in personal accounts, unhappy          near-term)
  5. Ruth’s indicator, the size of the Vogue September issue, is the biggest month for high fashion advertising, perhaps like the lipstick indicator. (The closing of Western shops in China is further proof of the expected global recession, or worse.)

 

Longer-Term Indicators

  1. The White House is preparing to introduce a Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT) of 15%, which is unlikely to pass the next Congress.
  2. Both Presidential candidates are pro inflation in action, if not in words.
  3. A front-page WSJ article titled “As Berkshire Hathaway* Rallies, Its Looking Too Rich to Some”, is an example of poor research. Warren Buffett has repeatably stated that he is not running the company for the present shareholders, but for their heirs, which is far beyond his 93 years. To my mind, the GAAP published numbers are misleading considering the SEC’s regulations. The value of a stock is an elusive intrinsic number. The most difficult part is the private value or current price of the 60 odd companies Berkshire owns, which are carried at purchase price plus dividends paid to Berkshire. To the right buyer, the aggregate eventual price for these companies is worth a multiple of their carrying value. (“Intrinsic Value” was a concept that I learned from Professor David Dodd, who authored “Security Analysis” with Ben Graham. This is probably the reason I and some of my accounts own the stock. We own the stock for its eventual value to our family.)
  4. The world is in stages of a slowdown or a recession, with both the US and China suffering. Always treating China as an adversary inhibits our access to the Chinese market and their skills, preventing us from reaching our potential. (I don’t have a suggestion on how to conduct this rescue effort. It is like training a dangerous animal).                                                                                                                                         

 

Conclusions:

There will always be bear markets, which often precede recessions and infrequent depressions. Since we haven’t had a recession in a long time, one is likely coming. Particularly considering the political class’s stock optioned business management and the gift of a highly valued dollar compared to other deficit currencies.

 

The key question at the moment is when we will see the next INCREASE in INTEREST RATES and INCOME TAX RATES, which the Fed will follow.

 

Key Question: What is Your Bet as to When?

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Investors Focus on the Wrong Elements - Weekly Blog # 853

Mike Lipper's Blog: Lessons From Warren Buffett - Weekly Blog # 852

Mike Lipper's Blog: Understand Numbers Before Using - Weekly Blog # 851



 

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Copyright © 2008 – 2024

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.