Showing posts with label Uncertainty. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Uncertainty. Show all posts

Sunday, January 12, 2025

Navigating a New Investment Landscape Amid Political and Structural Challenges - Weekly Blog # 871

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Navigating a New Investment Landscape

Amid Political and Structural Challenges

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

It seems we’ve entered a new phase in the investment and political landscape, marked by a shift in leadership rhetoric and strategy. Two prominent U.S. political figures have emerged with ambitious proposals aimed at addressing global challenges. Their approaches are novel but lack grounding in the current political and economic structures and are deficient the experienced teams needed to implement such revolutionary ideas effectively.

 

This lack of preparation extends to their inability to articulate clear plans for reshaping the tax and legal frameworks that underpin these initiatives. As history has shown, it’s one thing to suggest sweeping changes and quite another to navigate the intricate process of execution. The political structure, with its numerous committees and competing interests, will likely make swift action both costly and slow.


Further complicating the outlook are legal hurdles. Many of the proposed changes are bound to face challenges in the courts, and state-level resistance will add another layer of complexity—particularly as we approach the midterm elections in 2026. Even the 2028 presidential election may not yield a resolution to many of these contentious issues, as a single-term president rarely has the time or political capital to enact and sustain transformative change.

 

Internationally, the situation is equally fraught. Most foreign governments remain unpopular with their own citizens and their policy maneuvers could further complicate U.S. domestic politics. This interplay between global and domestic pressures creates an unpredictable environment for investors and policymakers alike.

 

Education: A Critical Bottleneck in U.S. Productivity

One structural issue underpinning these challenges is the state of education in the United States. From pre-K to PhD programs, our education system struggles to produce workers equipped with the skills necessary for a competitive and productive economy. This shortfall is one of the reasons U.S. productivity lags behind its potential, especially when compared to other advanced economies.

 

Leadership Development: A Missed Opportunity

Another critical issue lies in how we cultivate leaders, particularly in business. Too often senior managers are not given the opportunities they need to learn, adapt, and ultimately succeed. This is a lesson I’ve come to recognize in my own small business. In hindsight, I’ve been guilty of not providing my junior team members with enough hands-on experience to develop their skills fully. This shortfall isn’t unique to my situation, it’s a systemic issue across industries and is one that hinders the ability of future leaders to thrive.

 

Final Thoughts on Political and Economic Uncertainty

Navigating this era of political and economic uncertainty will require a combination of patience, adaptability, and strategic foresight. While the challenges are significant, they also present opportunities for investors and leaders who can anticipate changes and position themselves accordingly. As we move forward, it’s crucial we address foundational issues like education and leadership development — both of which are essential to building a more resilient and productive society.

 

Multiple Changes on the Horizon

A new administration will usher in a number of changes, adding to those already in place but still in their infancy. These changes are significant and will likely have an impact on us all in some way or another. They present investment opportunities and some risk, so it behooves us all to be aware of them.

 

Interest Rates

The market sold off on Friday, largely as a result of good employment news signaling a decent economy, causing investors to fear a good economy getting in the way of future Fed rate cuts. However, there is debate among others concerning the necessity of further interest rate cuts, as the economy is reasonably strong, and interest rates are already below historic norms.

 

Longer-term Treasury rates have continued to rise alongside Fed rate cuts, as future government debt refinancing needs put upward pressure on rates. While higher interest rates will be an obstacle for businesses to overcome, a good economy should provide opportunities for businesses to excel.

 

There is a misunderstanding that interest rates are an initiator of change. This is a problem brought on by the failure of the educational system.  From pre-nursery schools continuing on through to PhDs. Important changes in the global direction of the economy are caused not by top-down thinking of governments, but by the success and failures of commercial ventures, starting with small businesses.  

 

Long-term investors need to pay attention to the edges of progress and the failures of business.  For investors the focus should be on the development of people working at the edge of progress.  This is not to say that small businesses are good investments, but they are change agents in terms of progress and that is where intelligent focus should be placed. We welcome subscribers’ views in contradiction and occasional support of these ideas.

 

Technology

We are in the early stages of a significant technological revolution, with AI, robotics, and quantum computing likely to change the world in ways we can barely conceive. The investment implications will likely be significant. However, what it does to employment around the world is an open question.

 

Energy

An energy renaissance is on the horizon, not only for fossil fuels, but for nuclear energy too. Small-scale nuclear power plants are increasingly being considered by global businesses in anticipation of the increased energy needs required by our new technological future. Small scale nuclear is now being embraced by the left and the right, so it is very likely we will see some of this trend materialize. Increased energy production and lower energy costs should be a boon to business.

 

The Middle East and Ukraine

We could see peace restored in the Middle East and Ukraine as a new administration with different ideas enters office. Peace in these regions will lead to the necessary rebuilding of homes and infrastructure. It remains to be seen where the funds for rebuilding will come from and what global political deals will be struck to make that happen. While this will be a burden on governments and taxpayers, businesses will likely find new opportunities.

 

The Panama Canal and Greenland

The potential threat posed by China’s control of global choke points has raised the issue of control of the Panama Canal and Greenland. The Panama Canal is an important trade route for the US and its control cannot be allowed to fall into the hands of an increasingly aggressive China.

 

Greenland is expected to be an increasingly important trade route, especially as global warming continues to heat up the planet. Additionally, Greenland has a number of minerals and metals needed for a technology driven future. The control of both the Panama Canal and Greenland will likely be significant global topics of discussion in 2025, with investment implications further in the future.

 

California Fires

The California fires have been devastating in their scale and impact on people’s lives. Over 200,000 people have been displaced and over 12,000 homes and buildings have been destroyed. The emotional and financial cost will be significant. Rebuilding will not come soon enough for some people, and they may just find it easier to restart their lives elsewhere.

 

The cost of rebuilding will place a financial strain on all participants: insurance companies, Los Angeles area cities, the state of California, the Federal government, and people with inadequate insurance. The fires may even change the political landscape, refocusing California voters on bread-and-butter issues rather than social issues. Much like the rebuilding in Ukraine and the Middle East, the rebuilding in California will result in costs to government and taxpayers but will also present business opportunities.

 

Final Thoughts on Changes

Change is often uncomfortable and most of these changes will not be implemented without some problems along the way. However, change also comes with opportunity and those who embrace it will be the beneficiaries. Uncertainty often makes the market nervous, so buckle up, it will likely be a wild ride.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Unclear Data Mostly Bearish, but Bullish Later - Weekly Blog # 870

Mike Lipper's Blog: A Different Year End Blog: Looking Forward - Weekly Blog # 869

Mike Lipper's Blog: Three Rs + Beginnings of a New Cycle - Weekly Blog # 868



 

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A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

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Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, July 2, 2023

Gravitational Waves & Investing - Weekly Blog # 791

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


Gravitational Waves & Investing

 

 Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

 Living & Investing within Uncertainty

We unconsciously make bets about a collection of futures at every moment. Scientists and other Seers have been doing this since the beginning of human time. The terms of our world have been evaluated, as well as how to gain, grow, preserve, and distribute wealth. I have come to a point in both my professional and personal life where I hope to find a systematic way to make investment decisions regarding money and the expenditure of time and effort in acquiring it.

 

This week, by mere coincidence, scientific teams in Europe, India, Australia, China, and the US, released their astronomical observations on what they perceive happening in deep space. Their observations are the result of 15 years of study using both land and satellite based large telescopes. (This knowledge is also being shared by nations building military applications.)

 

The research follows the theoretical work Albert Einstein did over 100 years ago. (Historical note, Einstein was a frequent guest and lectured at Caltech where I am a Senior Trustee.) The current work supports his theory that we are traveling through an undulating sea of intensity and are being attracted by the gravitational pull of large, dead, dark stars. At this point, we cannot predict how these intense, undulating pressures will direct our earth.

 

Coming back to earth and the subscribers of this investment blog. We should accept uncertainty as one of the undulating governors of future investment opportunities and risk. I am starting to corral a number of thoughts as part of a toolkit to develop appropriate investment policies tailored to particular situations.

 

3rd Quarter Risks for Money Managers

The bulk of dollars under management may have entered a period leading to the termination of trusted relationships, both contractual and/or personal. Relatively few formal or informal investment committees execute management changes during the summer, but they likely will after the third quarter when decision makers receive second quarter reports. These reports will not be happy readings in more cases than not. It is estimated that the earnings per share of the stocks in the S&P 500 index will fall by -5.7%. Combining this news with another bit of analysis, it may cause fiduciaries to question the reason they are paying fees to their existing managers.

 

In a second bit of analysis, if one subtracts the performance of the 28 stocks in the S&P 500 which gained during the first half, the remaining stocks lost money. For the six-month period, gains for the 28 stocks were larger than those in the first quarter. Many more had positive gains in June, as the number of winning stocks expanded significantly. However, the June 30th report may also reveal that there were losses for more than two years, as mentioned in last week’s blog.

 

Portfolio managers, anticipating the results of the 2nd quarter, may have plowed money into the six to ten global tech-oriented leaders of the first quarter. It is my impression that the Price/Earnings ratios of many of these companies expanded more than their underlying earnings growth, perhaps pushing them to over-valued levels.

 

My concern is that we could see a repeat of a lesson from the late 1960s, when two leading Boston based mutual funds with the rest of the market fell. At the time my brother’s firm was selling fund performance data for brokerage commissions. Our trading desk was in communication with both of these competitors, among others. Up to that time both funds had similar portfolios but following the decline the two managers followed different defensive paths. One sold its most over-valued stocks. The other, perhaps learning from his mother who was a broker on the Shanghai exchange, sold his largest and most liquid positions.

 

After the decline ended, the second manager was hailed in the press as a brilliant manager. So much so that he was featured on the cover of a well-known business magazine. This propelled him to start his own fund management company, which raised a lot of money but didn’t perform particularly well and merged out. The other portfolio manager had retired earlier.

 

Using performance records can only lead to unfortunate choices. At the racetrack, some bettors select the horse with the most winning races or a high win vs loss ratio. I have often found this to be a trap. The wins were over cheaper horses or those competing at less competitive tracks. Whenever trainers enter a horse in a race which had a number of higher quality horses with less of track record, the horse often does not live up to its win/loss ratio.

 

As a provider of performance analyses, we addressed this issue by creating a peer group under the rubric “Capital Appreciation”. The peer group housed funds essentially based on their win/loss ratio, not what was in their portfolio, like growth or growth and income stocks. Over time, fund marketing people and lawyers convinced us to give them the widest range of portfolio choices in their prospectus. Many ended up saying their funds sought capital appreciation and secondarily provided income. The delineation of the peer groups were too broad and was consequently dropped.

 

As a manager of accounts and a member of investment committees I seek to be invested in funds that meet the intermediate (5 year) and long-term total return needs of the account, not shorter-term results. I am anxious for my responsibilities to accomplish their planned distribution to finance their purpose.

 

Work in Progress

There is much more that needs to be discussed including responding to inputs from subscribers. Two additional topics require more space and your time. I am working on the tension between economics and the impact of China and the rest of the world. I would appreciate any comments on what I have produced as well as on the two topics that I am developing.

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Manageable Risk - Weekly Blog # 790

Mike Lipper's Blog: Predictions Suffered Last Week - Weekly Blog # 789

Mike Lipper's Blog: Head Fake, Unrecognized Opportunity, or a Minsky Moment - Weekly Blog # 788

 

 

 

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Copyright © 2008 – 2023

Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, December 20, 2020

Surprises & Policies - Weekly Blog # 660

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


Surprises & Policies


Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –


                           

                     

Surprises
One of the most curious things about most humans is that they are surprised by surprises. Perhaps it is my Marine Corps training, being a student of history, or just having a contrarian streak, but I always expect surprises. Without knowing the details, I know that I will live and operate in periods of uncertainty. Below are two lists: Elements of uncertainties and reactions.

Surprises                        Reactions
Prices (Inflation)               Ignore (As long as Possible) 
Quality (Improvements?)          Go with the flow 
People (Unexpected behavior)     Resist
Taxes (Words worse than rates)   Attempt to escape

Current Surprises
My friend Byron Wein publishes a list of forthcoming surprises each year. Below are three surprises that are already known but not being considered by most investors and their advisors. Thus, their lack of reaction is the real surprise.

Rising Prices (Inflation)
For several weeks I have been noting the almost parabolic price increase in the JOC-ECRI Industrial Price Index. This week it reached +23.80% compared to a year ago. This phenomenon is supported by the mid December price of coiled sheet steel, which was $900/ton compared to $700/ton in mid-November. The price of Aluminum is nearing its two-year high. (With Coke Cola cutting the number of brands it sells in half, they are likely to try to pass on the increased costs of aluminum cans to consumers. An example of inflation at the supermarket level) In Asia there is a major shortage of shipping containers for exports. (I assume that means the rental price of shipping containers is up significantly.)

Many top-down thinkers in Washington and in the securities markets believe that central governments and their agencies can control their economies, exemplified by the following 2017 quote:

“Would I say there will never, ever be another financial crisis? Probably that would be going too far. But I do think we’re much safer, and I hope that it will not be in our lifetimes, and I don’t believe it will be” 

This was said by Janet Yellen and I believe it was part of her effort to be reappointed Chair of the Federal Reserve. Let’s hope in her new post she has learned to have more respect for forces she does not control.

The third surprise is the not much discussed probable immunity to COVID-19 after receiving the vaccine. Because of the newness of our collective experiences, the most learned of medical experts say there may be a 5-7 month immunity. Let us hope they are being conservative; however, even doubling the initial estimate suggests a very different world than most are expecting.

I am not suggesting I can make intelligent guesses as to how these three surprises will work out, but I am noting that these along with other uncertainties need to be considered in making day-to-day investment and other decisions.

Where Are We?
Far too many military and business battles were lost when one of the combatants used out of date positioning. As I cannot avoid being a global consumer and investor, I must look at both the US and other markets for our clients. Because we invest in mutual funds for our clients, we pay a great deal of attention to their results. Again, somewhat surprising is that various market pundits seem to be unaware of two current relationships.

Each week I review fund performance for numerous periods, including the 1, 4, 13, 52-week and year-to-date period results, which are compared with various equity asset allocations. While the average S&P 500 index fund has produced positive results in each of those time periods, they have underperformed the average US Diversified Equity fund, the average Sector Equity fund, and the average World Equity fund. (This has not been the case for longer periods.)

What has caused this change? The data gives us a clue. The popular way to display results is asset weighted. We also review performance averages that are not asset weighted and include the median fund’s performance. What we discovered for large-cap, medium-cap, and small-caps is that larger funds are doing better than their peers in almost every period. Why is that? Larger funds tend to have lower costs and often have more aggressive portfolios. Advisors and salespeople find that performance momentum makes an easier sale than a belief in different leadership over the next market period, which is less risky due to current performance leaders often being more volatile.

Another example of it being beneficial to pay attention to size is in commodities. The number of contracts by large speculators, commercial hedgers, and small traders are tabulated each week and large speculators are often successful. In the latest week, the aggregate large speculator reduced very large long holdings, except for positions in gold, silver, T bonds, and the Yen. This seems to indicate that speculators are betting on non-currency related inflation. A few portfolio managers, while bullish on their stock portfolios for 2021, believe there could be as much as a 10% drop in their stock portfolios in the first part of the year. (This may be related to concerns over the new administration having difficulty getting their program started.)

US vs. the Rest of the World
Our economy and stock market structure are different than the Rest-Of-The World (ROW). The following tables highlight key differences:

        GDP % of World Trade      Market Cap % of World
China            19%                        9%
US               16%                       44%
ROW              51%                       30%

                           S&P 500     MSCI World
Information Technology        26%          21%
Financials                    10%          13%

The Wisdom of Charlie Munger
One of the highlights of Berkshire Hathaway’s (*) annual meeting are the brilliantly phrased but somewhat laconic comments to questions that Warren Buffett spends too much time discussing. Charlie, a student at Caltech while he was in the Army Air Force during WWII, sat for a zoom interview for Caltech Associates. The following is my edited review of his 22 comments. (I will be pleased to send his full comments if desired.)

(*) Position held in our private financial services fund and personal accounts.

Selectively edited comments as follows:
  1. Avoid being stupid consistently rather than trying to be very intelligent.
  2. Technology is a killer as well as an opportunity.
  3. American companies are like biology, all individuals die as do all species, it is just a question of time.
  4. I try to keep things as simple and fundamental as I can
  5. A successful life requires experiencing some difficult things that go wrong.
  6. We are in unchartered waters regarding the rate we are printing money.
  7. “Who would have guessed a bunch of communist Chinese run by one party would have the best economic record the world has ever seen.”
  8. “I don’t think Caltech can make great investors out of most people.” Great investors, like great chess players, are born to be in the game.
  9. “You have to know a lot, but partly it’s temperament, deferred gratification (willingness to wait); a combination of patience and aggression. Know what you don’t know”
  10. One needs to be fanatical to succeed.

Question: Which of Charlie’s statements do you agree or disagree with?    



Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.
https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/12/searching-for-surprises-weekly-blog-659.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-investment-dilemma-with-possible.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/11/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings_29.html



Did someone forward you this blog? 
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Copyright © 2008 - 2020

A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
Contact author for limited redistribution permission.