Showing posts with label Canada. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Canada. Show all posts

Sunday, July 19, 2026

Before Focusing on Shorter-Term Reactions - Weekly Blog # 950

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Before Focusing on Shorter-Term Reactions

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

          

 

 

We should recognize that several topics that arose this week will have longer-term implications and impact results for many years, if not future decades. None of these contributions to our thinking will influence things directly, but some or all may influence our future.

 

Smoke from the Canadian wildfires has blanketed much of the US. Sports activities were delayed in Philadelphia, and the World Cup game in Miami was also influenced. The important message is that the US is not an isolated country, activities in both Canada and Mexico have measurable impacts on us.

 

The World Cup competition introduced real America to many sports fans from all over the world. Prior to traveling to the games many people looked at the US as Manhattan below 60th street, a few government buildings in D.C., and some sound stages in California. Costco, Brooklyn, and our national parks have awakened them to the country’s beauty, its friendly people, and a large population of many talents. It also showed athletes playing their game better than those representing America. I suspect by the next World Cup we will produce better results too. The biggest change is likely to be in women’s soccer.

 

Our media and our President comment on “the stock market” as if it were singular. Furthermore, the direction of the market is aligned with the economy. Increasingly, “the market” is made up of several smaller markets moving differently from each other. For most of this year, important sections of the market have been pointing down compared to a limited number of tech companies going up. The stocks of some of the nation’s leading healthcare companies are selling at 1990 or 2000 prices. These companies are rarely mentioned by pundits or politicians. In future it would be wise for investors to participate in the growth of Asia, and later Africa and the Middle East.

 

The final US input may be a collection of groups in Congress having only titular relations with the two main parties. The main battle will be in the Senate, which takes 60 votes for most legislation to pass. However, neither party will be able to count on all its members due to some issue specific deserters. This could lead to the only functioning group being a conflicted White House ruling through executive orders in all agencies except the Fed.    

 

Clues To the Future

The Three Jobs

Security Analysts essentially have three jobs. The first job is to avoid being tagged with losing money, or worse, having a negative relationship with a paying client. The second, and most common function, is to be associated with winning positions or clusters of winners. The third job is to successfully support the sales effort of the organization.

 

What is our Role?

First and foremost, our first loyalty is to our investment management clients. If we are reasonably successful, we then earn the privilege of sharing our views with others through this blog.

 

We Use this Blog to Shape our Thinking

The price action of common stocks did not give us much help last week. In general, the daily moves were equally balanced between gains and losses. However, the latest sample survey of the American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) had their six-month expectations swinging a bit positive. (The AAII survey does not cover the end of the week, and many market analysts treat it as a contrary indicator at “turning points”.)

 

Our Biases

We think we do a good job over an extended period for long-term investors. In our longest multi-generational account of sixteen positions, five holdings represent over 50% of the gains. This demonstrates that most of the time we prefer both a small list of holdings and the ability to let winners exceed the SEC’s definition of diversified. Our accounts consist of both common stocks and mutual funds, or the manager’s portfolio. We also own securities that invest overseas, which are appropriate positions for this account, but may not be for others.

 

Some Hints for Long-Term Buyers

Two very popular stocks, IBM and Space X, which we do not own, declined this week. Both have lessons we believe are important for long-term investors. The fall in IBM was caused by the company’s disclosure that their software, consulting, infrastructure, and main frame computer customers are switching to buying “chips”. While pundits focused on what they were not buying from IBM, the item that struck me as even more important was the decline of items tied to main frame computers. IBM was responsible for selling some 60% or more of these expensive devices. In future there will be some consulting and infrastructure sales, plus an ever-decreasing number of mainframes. Furthermore, they no-longer have the advantage of being the first computer company with “sales engineers”. IBM is not the company that my grandfather loved. The lesson for all of us is that even one-time great companies can have economic difficulties. There is not a single company remaining from the original Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), with the majority of them no longer in business.

 

At the other extreme, Space X is a business with exciting future products and services which also declined this week, selling below its original public issue price. In our role as portfolio manager we do not invest in highly sought after IPOs.

 

Despite the problems associated with these two leaders, the number of advancing prices on the NASDAQ exchange were higher than the number of decliners this week. However, on the older New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) the reverse was true 46% vs 59%.

 

Question: What if anything I have said do you agree with? 

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Little Occurred During the Trading Week - Weekly Blog # 949

Mike Lipper's Blog: Searching for Future Long-Term Picks: Gathering Assets, Reasons to Search - Weekly Blog # 948

Mike Lipper's Blog: What is Pending and When - Weekly Blog # 947

 

 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please

subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2026

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, May 31, 2026

Warnings Increasing - Weekly Blog # 943

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Warnings Increasing

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

          

 

Preface

I cannot predict the future, and I believe none can. The best I can do is use a life-long habit of dealing with chances of what may happen. In other words, odds are one possibility is more likely than another.

 

We all hope that the various problems facing the financial world will be quickly solved to our personal benefit. However, as a trained analyst I am compelled to increasingly doubt the expressed views found in most US media and by other pundits which are not completely echoed beyond our borders. These items came out last week.

 

Worry List in Chronological Order

  1. The number of farm bankruptcies rose 40%. (The same thing happened before the depression.)
  2. The University of Michigan Consumer Confidence Survey dropped to 93.1 from 93.7.
  3. Another Fund Management Company is looking to find a new home - Dimensional Fund Advisors. (I expect there will be others.)
  4. Perella Weinberg, an investment bank, is laying off 10 partners and 10% of the firm. (More to come?)
  5. Gary Shelling predicts a 30 % chance of a S&P 500 bear market in 2026 and a 60-70% chance in 2027.
  6. Canada has economically contracted for 3 of the past 5 quarters, falling into a recession. (The US is their largest customer, and our companies own lots of Canadian companies.)
  7. Prudential Insurance, Meta Holdings, and Johnson & Johnson, are compelled to announce layoffs.
  8. On Friday, the last day of the month, more stocks were sold on a decline on both the NYSE and NASDAQ. However, this may be typical selling before the weekend.
  9. In May only three S&P 500 sectors rose: InfoTech+5.6%, Consumer Discretionary +0.26%, and Healthcare +0.21%. Eight sectors fell.
  10. The three forces that led to the market index rising were:  Affluent Consumers, “AI” investments, and Asset Allocation. (Contrary points: Inflation was up more than wages. Other industries that were similar and didn’t work out: canals, railroads, radio, airlines, atomic energy, and computers. Bonds were a safe way to beat stocks and “private debt and equity”) 

 

Warning: Be Careful, Let Others Have Some of your Winners.

                                        

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Rhymes + Future Opportunities - Weekly Blog # 942

Mike Lipper's Blog: Many Trends Within the Same Market - Weekly Blog # 941

Mike Lipper's Blog: What Can Go Wrong - Weekly Blog # 940

 

 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please

subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2026

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

 

 

Saturday, February 14, 2026

To Win Long-Term, Learn From Great Presidents - Weekly Blog # 928

  

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

To Win Long-Term,

Learn From Great Presidents

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018




Losing is Part of Winning

In the US, we celebrate Presidents Day on Monday. A typical US compromise that solved an immediate political problem and ignored the long-term implications that would have benefited all, particularly investors. Numerous Americans wanted to celebrate the birthdays of two of our greatest presidents, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. However, perhaps for economic reasons the political leadership decided to celebrate just one date, picking neither President’s birthday but continuing to support the travel and retail shopping industries by requiring Presidents Day always be celebrated on a Monday.

 

What these politicians lost in their efforts were critical learning experiences. In terms of opposed contests, both leaders lost more than they won. Washington in military battles and Lincoln in elections. Unlike many of us, they learned from these defeats. (As Warren Buffett said, losing is part of winning.)

 

Applying Learned Experiences to Portfolios

I learned a lot at the racetrack, but my objective was to finish with more money than I started. Washington wanted the rebellion to survive and by so doing he would force the superior power to concede defeat. (The British marched out of Yorktown to the tune “The World Turned Upside Down”.) Lincoln preserved the Union. Both Presidents needed selective reserves to accomplish their goals.

 

Applying these lessons to portfolios, I am a believer in taking risks on individual investments but avoiding the risk of a complete wipe out. In a study of million-dollar retirement accounts at Fidelity, the winning results used both stocks and bonds. I would rename the components equity risk and interest rate/survival risk.  

 

What I found interesting was the median account allocation of 70% stocks and 30% bonds for these millionaires.  Currently, I have about 70% in funds/direct equities and 30% in reserves, with about half of that in cash or bonds/notes under two-year duration.

 

The Logic Behind a 70/30 Portfolio

Looking through a collection of portfolios over time and dividing them into 10-year performance slices, it appears 80% of the equity slices go up in value. As a fiduciary, I assume a more conservative approach with the 70% equity risk.

 

I consider the overall portfolio to be a 20/20 portfolio, with the “normal” equity risk assumption being 70%. This permits market movements of 20% in either direction, without needing to change the basic balance. On the downside, if the portfolio balance reaches a point of having only 50% in equities, I would add 10% of capital to equities. On the upside, once equities reach 90%. I would rebuild a 10% optimistic reserve.

 

Not Built in Yet

We live and invest in a multi-speed world. Due to electronic processing most commercial and agricultural world price trends are impacted at an increasingly fast speed. Some of these trends reflect fast reactions to price movements, which cause geographic rotation. Through last Thursday on a year-to-date basis the S&P 500 generated a -0.07% loss and is essentially flat, with Europe gaining +4.51%, Japan +13.96%, Australia +3.8%, and Canada in local currency +2.56%. In most of these countries there are local and multi-national producers who experience similar problems of prices representing different costs, size-weighted efficiencies, local preferences, and legal/tax regulatory differences. Customers and investors are quick to rotate their actions.

 

On a longer-term basis the world is going through a period of declining fertility rates, impacting local demand in the short term. On a longer-term basis there will be fewer workers, which will result in retirement capital being reduced and securities markets altered. Organizations active in the markets are changing. On the one hand there is a desire to become bigger and serve more firms and people, while others want to increase profitability and remain small enough to grow profits per key player.

 

As populations age, they become more expensive to maintain, particularly beyond their working ages.

 

In Conclusion:

We should all learn from George Washington and Abraham Lincoln and adapt to change with sufficient humility, so we don’t become bystanders passed in the fast parade hurtling through.

 

Thoughts?

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Strategically, Time to Think Differently - Weekly Blog # 927

Mike Lipper's Blog

Mike Lipper's Blog: Failed Expectations: Do Details Count? Zig-Zag Flips - Weekly Blog # 925

 

 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2024

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.


Sunday, July 20, 2025

It May Be Early - Weekly Blog # 898

 

 

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

It May Be Early

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

A Usual Trap

A classic mistake in making future plans is focusing mainly on the present. In search of an investment policy for the next few years or longer, one should look at the causes of the main trends, not the size of the tariffs that have been announced.

 

The key force behind the announcements on tariffs is Donald Trump. His background is one of complex negotiations evolved from materially different views of how he sees the present and the future. I believe The President saw a critical problem of unfair trading terms facing the U.S. and saw a way to change the terms in favor of the country. He saw a way to solve the problem through meaningful discussion with the powers on the other side. The key was getting the right people around the table.

 

The core elements of unfairness are to be found in non-tariff trade barriers (NTB) erected by commercial interests with official or unofficial government support. (A number of examples were listed in last week’s blog, copy available.) While there is no published total of each country’s NTB effects, some experts believe their impact is twice the level of tariffs applied.

 

Mr. Trump’s way of dealing with foreign countries is to make the host nation an ally by using the size of US tariffs as a hammer. This is the reason behind the high announced tariffs, which is where President Trump expects the real bargaining to begin. I expect negotiations with major trading partners to take most of the summer. We may never fully understand the various changes to NTB’s, but a good clue will be changes to US tariffs.

 

Clearly there is another element to the aggregate size of the final US tariffs, the amount of cash expected to be paid to the US Treasury. This needs to be meaningful enough to keep the growth of the annual deficit acceptable to an unknown number of Republican Senators.

 

Most of these should be settled in the fall and early winter, so they do not unduly impact the mid-term elections. The economic background to the elections may be influenced by layoffs and the administration’s attempt to expand the economy. Additionally, further international actions may be the cause of how some state elections turn out.

 

The current crosswinds shown below may also impact the level of markets during this period:

  1. After a period of outflows, T. Rowe Price is cutting staff.
  2. Freight railroads are growing from China to Iran and Spain, for US continental trains, and other trains from Canada to Mexico.
  3. Tariffs may encourage smuggling.
  4. The latest weekly American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) sample survey showed a 39% positive and negative 6-month outlook.
  5. A study of structural bear markets shows the average breakeven to be about 9 years.
  6. The critical operating problems facing the US government is no different than those facing commercial and non-profit activities, a focus on effectiveness, not efficiency.
  7. Jaimie Dimon has shared the following thoughts:
    • Tariffs will be inflationary
    • US reserve currency status rests on military superiority
    • Markets are not low
    • Lessons can be learned from the turnaround of Detroit and problems created (and elongated) during the 1929 crash
    • Dollar weakness helps US multinationals 


As usual, I hope you will share your insights on the various thoughts expressed.

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Misperceptions: Contrarian & Other Viewpoints: Majority vs Minority - Weekly Blog # 897

Mike Lipper's Blog: Expectations: 3rd 20%+ Gain - Stagflation - Weekly Blog # 896

Mike Lipper's Blog: Analyst Calendar: Preparation for 2026 - Weekly Blog # 895



 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2024

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, December 17, 2023

Searching For Answers - Weekly Blog # 815

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

Searching For Answers

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 



Neural Basis for Preferences

In one of the laboratories in the Humanities and Social Sciences Division of Caltech, a former post-doc led a paper showing a neural basis for making aesthetic preferences like qualities-contrast, hues, dynamics, and concreteness. (Kiyohito Iigaya, is now an assistant professor of neurobiology at Columbia University’s Irving Medical Center.) A similar type of pattern recognition is what successful investors use in selecting investments, such as relative price, operating free cash flow generation, management process, investment sponsorship, competitive position, and future changes in these and other qualities.

I am a senior trustee at Caltech and a member of the board of Advisors of CUIMC

 

Painters, like Picasso, were successful investors in both art and other investments. However, the tracking of investment qualities is insufficient to produce a record of continued investment success.

 

At least two additional qualities need to be tracked.

  1. Analyzing changes in the structure of the investment market, in terms of flows and after-tax profits.
  2. The perceived multiple needs of the investor.

 

The eternal job of the investor is to evaluate these and other qualities relative to each other. There is no precise ranking information on these qualities, which makes it difficult for quants to use.

 

It is with this as a background I look at elements each week. The remainder of this week’s blog is devoted to some of the highlights that guided me in making multiple investment decisions. I am interested in which factors are important to you, and whether you disagree with my reactions.

 

More Information Does Not Appear to Help

More information should reduce the number and magnitude of investment surprises. But it does not seem to help. The problem could be that the information is distributed unequally. Those with an information delivery advantage, but without sufficient capital or ownership, can have limited impact on price gaps. In accessing the situation, one difficulty may be understanding the veracity of the information at the moment of discovery. In highly speculative markets and issues, there are often more false rumors than real, actionable information. (In terms of the current market information regarding the next interest rate change, it could be wrong 6 times in a row.)

 

Banks & Brokers Cut Staff

State Street is the latest company to announce the layoff of 1500 employees. These actions do not instill near-term confidence in investors in the overall market.

 

Is Value Investing Essentially a Trade?

The fundamental principle of value investing is the current price being substantially less than the current or projected future price. In the mind of the investor this value gap is temporary, because if it is not closed there is no benefit to the purchase. Value investing is therefore a trading strategy, or a two-step move. Contrast this with investing for growth, which does not require a terminal sale except for a change in investor circumstances. This distinction has a definite impact on the timing of the purchase.

 

“Happy Talk” Motivation is Critical (Viewpoint)

Years ago, when each town had a thriving local newspaper, its publisher/CEO was a powerful person locally. Recognizing that elections create advertising demand; a lot of editorial space was devoted to newsprint.  Locally owned papers eventually disappeared and were replaced by chains, and increasingly by broadcast media. They were the beneficiaries of centrally controlled advertising revenue. The media provided much airtime to elections, with the most focus on presidential elections. In many cases, profits from presidential election-year advertising helped carry them through the other three years. Because the majority of listeners were lower income, Democratic Party spending was higher. The owners were conscious of this phenomenon, and it impacted their actions, with the bulk of the coverage/advertising focusing on economic “happy talk”. That is why “news” coverage today is more positive, and often wrong.

 

Interpreting a Signal Can Be the Opposite

The acquisition of one company by another for stock could signify that the board of the purchaser believes owning the acquired stock is better than investing in their own. An interest rate cut by the Fed could also signal a concern about the direction of the economy, or a shift in the importance of the second mandate, full employment. In other words, be careful what some wish for.

 

Personal Tax Rates Are Important

Similar to the selection of art purchases helping make security selections, foreigners can remind us of the importance of US personal tax rates. Shohei Ohtani signed a baseball contract with a gross value of $700 million. In the early part of the ten-year contract, he will be paid just $2 million per year. (He expects substantial product endorsements and other income during that period.) He will receive the other $68 million per year, without interest, when he is 50 years old. (I assume without the burden of US taxes). I wonder if he’s available as a tax consultant, as he came up with this approach.

 

“Long-Term” Different Meanings

Reliability is a characteristic many investors look for in their selection process. In the US, most investment intervals have more gaining than losing periods. The sizes of the gains are also larger than the majority of the sizes of the losses.

 

All markets move in cycles. Thus, a five-year period usually has one complete cycle and parts of another, if not two. With only 20 quarters or just 5 annual numbers, I find the number of observations too limited. The SEC in its wisdom requires mutual funds to show year by year results, overall period performance, and the best and worst quarter. Numbers nerds note that the public is given 12 slices of data. I would prefer to have quarterly data for the life of the fund, which would be 40 slices for ten years.

 

The economy has generally grown since the end of WWII, which might not continue in the future. Consequently, I am much more interested in seeing what actions, if any, were taken in negative periods. Particularly, what portfolio holdings were reduced or eliminated and how much that cost the fund in recovery periods.

 

There is one medium-sized fund group which indicates it invests for the long term, which they define as 3-5 years. We would not use this fund for most taxable investors if over that short a period it replaced almost all its starting portfolio.

 

15-Year-Olds Will Rule

At some point the 15-year-olds youths of 2021 will be part of the ruling class in many, if not most, countries. In 2021, thirty-seven countries took standardized tests in math, reading, and science. Three countries tested top three in the three subjects: Canada, Estonia, and Japan. Due in some part to the pandemic the US dropped 13 ranking spaces in the three tests, or roughly three-quarters of a year, to finish sixth on an overall basis.

 

As a grandfather and great-grandfather of 5 young ones, I am worried about the future we are leaving them. Our current educational system is the result of a deteriorating educational process that has been in decline for some time. Recently, a teacher on maternity leave at a “good school” revealed that she had decided not to return to the public school system. A real-life casualty of the dysfunctional system she worked under.

 

What scares me is the US has the most expensive educational and health systems in the world but does not lead the educational rankings in the world. A long-term oriented society that prizes excellence is necessary for world leadership. For the protection of our young people, we must on a long-term basis increase our exposure to the best minds and culture in the world.

 

Investment Conclusions

  1. Portfolios should be broken into sub portfolios based on needed investment periods and risk tolerance.
  2. The portfolio segment with an expected near-term payout should focus on trading rather than investing. Fixed income holdings should have a maturity range within the allocated payout period and only be invested in the highest quality non-US government paper. Equity should be invested in listed 2-4% yield common stocks or funds. The one exception would be Berkshire Hathaway, which is building a portfolio for the heirs of its shareholders.
  3. The next portfolio segment builds a retirement portfolio with high quality, low cash dividend payors, and no fixed income except for payment reserves.
  4. The estate portfolio segment should be invested in high quality equity modest compounders, avoiding above average yields. Use an appropriate equity strategy in an unleveraged ETF rather than a mutual fund if it makes sense, but only for one-half of your fund investments.

 

Share Your Thoughts

Do these topics and format make sense for you and how should it be improved?

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Reactions from a Contrarian - Weekly Blog # 814

Mike Lipper's Blog: 3 Senior Lessons + Upsetting Parallel - Weekly Blog # 813

Mike Lipper's Blog: A Cyclical World + Consistent Results - Weekly Blog # 812

 

 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2023

Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

 

 

 

Sunday, December 19, 2021

Questions Without Answers Indicate Uncertainty - Weekly Blog # 712

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


Questions Without Answers Indicate Uncertainty


Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –



Searching for Direction

Investors gain confidence when they have a clear sense of direction, particularly regarding short-term market moves. They ask a lot of questions in the hope of finding concrete answers. This is increasingly true as markets move closer to the top of a major phase. Thus, extreme confidence, while generally reassuring, is a warning sign of a nearby top. 

Each week I examine lots of data and articles in the media looking for concrete answers, or at least a guide as to direction. This week I came up with some interesting questions, without any good answers. As many subscribers are professional or insightful individual investors, I will serve up the questions with elements of my indecisive views. I am hopeful some will provide answers as a Christmas present and communicate them to me, either for my personal use or to share.


Are Smarter Investors Calling a Turn?

For some time, I have suggested large investors in the NASDAQ stock market are on average brighter than those invested exclusively or mostly on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This is based on the performance of various small-company mutual fund portfolios trading on the NASDAQ since the March 23, 2020 trough. On average this has been the best performing group based on market capitalization (The other groups are large-caps, multi-caps, and mid-caps.) However, year-to-date smaller caps are running in fourth place. There was possibly a change on Friday with its high volume? The NYSE volume was 5 million shares, split roughly 2 million on the upside and 3 million on the downside. On the NASDAQ, total volume was close to 8 million shares, split 4.6 million shares on the upside and 3.2 million on the downside. The NASDAQ Composite has declined 5.53% from its 2021 peak, the most of the three popular indices and roughly halfway through a classic 10% correction.

Does Friday's market action suggest savvy players picking up bargains at low prices?


Commodity Funds Rising Earlier than Expected

Numerous individual commodities are rising due to shortages. The median commodity fund is up +28.79%, while the weighted average fund is only up +3.92%. The reason for this difference is the extreme performance of Energy funds +71.98% and Precious Metals funds -10.41%. Commodity price cycles typically extend to one or more decades, for example from 1996 to 2016. Professional commodity investors did not expect a general commodity rise for at least another five years, after several new mines became operational. The switch to electric vehicles from internal combustion engine vehicles has accelerated demand for some metals, while the interest in currency coins has simultaneously impacted the demand for numerous commodities.

Are these speculative trends going to continue and cause actual mine and mill openings to accelerate? 


Investors Are Finding Other Markets Attractive 

While the US equity market has gained about 25% year-to-date, three other markets are also up over 20%:  India +22.3%, Taiwan +22.0%, and Canada +21.5%. Many investors now see international diversification as prudent, with political turmoil making US investing difficult for at least the next three years. As the economy recovers from various pandemics and tax/trade uncertainties, declining percentage gains in rising earnings will hurt. 


The Fed is Not Helping 

The Fed is basically defining its role as affirming the current situation by looking forward from its present position.


Critical Question: Do you think you will change your investment strategy materially before the next top?




Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/12/two-contrarian-questions-next-recession.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/12/selections-weekly-blog-710.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/11/investors-be-alert-to-novembers-risk.html Mike Lipper's Blog: 




Did someone forward you this blog? 

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com


Copyright © 2008 - 2020


A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.


Contact author for limited redistribution permission.


Sunday, May 31, 2020

Investors Can Learn from History, If Diligent - Weekly Blog # 631


Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Investors Can Learn from History, If Diligent

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –



Most memories are summaries of what people think happened and these memories over an extended period become enshrined as facts that are used for future investment decision making. Current investors are under the impression that “history” favors “value” and “Goodbye Globalization”, without being fully conscious of the history that created these impressions. Upon further study, one would realize that the underlying history is more nuanced and complex.

Value vs. Growth
We like to use short labels to cover complex situations. For example, we use the same label for both a company and its stock price, which often go in different directions. A company’s growth is essentially dependent on increasing sales and possibly its earnings, whereas stock prices are the result of buyers and sellers, often evaluating the stock in relation to other investments. Daily stock prices make them easy to rank from best to worst performance for each time period, which probably has little predictive power for long-term investing. Nevertheless, some investors search through the poorer performers looking for turnarounds, fitting with a part of the American psyche that likes to cheer for the underdog. Many investors who have missed being heavily invested in different forms of growth are now cheering the long-awaited trend of “value” beating “growth”, at least for a period.

I believe the first textbook publishing of Security Analysis by Ben Graham and David Dodd was written during the Depression in the 1930s. (The first was an adjunct professor and the second a full professor at Columbia University, which twenty years later suffered having me in his class.) Their approach, both in class and to some extent in their practice at a successful closed-end fund, was to find a security selling at a substantial discount to their analysis of value. What worked for them and others like Ruth Axe and Max Heine, was looking at distressed bonds and preferred shares using this approach.

The first thing the good professor taught us was to reconstruct the balance sheet by discounting finished inventory by 50%, work in progress by 100%, and raw materials by 75%. In the same fashion we reduced the value of physical assets to our estimate of quick resale prices. We wrote off all intangible assets and what was left of the underlying equity (more on this later). Comparing our new estimate against the depressed price of the senior securities became our initial estimate of value. During the 1930s and into the war years, this led to some very successful investments in railroad bonds and preferred shares. In effect, what we were taught was the rapid liquidating value.

Today, Merger & Acquisition activity has become the main determiner of value. Instead of determining the liquidating value, the acquirer is interested in what accountants call the going concern value. However, the acquirer often writes off some of the assets, adds the cost of expected layoffs, and determines an estimated increase in earnings based on “better” management and new opportunities from existing assets. I suspect that in the acquirers view of the future there is no estimate for a down period or the reactions from competitors.

M&A driven prices create an accounting problem, because after accepting the remaining costs of fixed assets transferred to the new balance sheet, an amount must still go to the consolidated balance sheet. Some of this gap can be labeled as the value of intangibles, such as customer lists and patents. However, even with these additions there is typically still a gap labeled “goodwill”. (I was the beneficiary of this math when I sold the operating assets of my data business, a service business who’s price was substantially above the value of the physical assets sold.) This is where the fictional portrayal of balance sheets and  book value come into the picture.

For publicly traded companies, “goodwill” and other assets cannot be written up but can be written down if there is clear evidence of loss of value (a non-cash charge which lowers reported earnings). The CFA Institute notes that private companies can write off goodwill over ten years and there is a movement to allow publicly traded companies the same privilege. In an article they pointed out that there are 25 corporations that have between $28-$146 billion of goodwill on their balance sheets, including Berkshire Hathaway, CVS Health, and JP Morgan Chase. In my case it would be difficult to write off the goodwill from the transaction, as they continue to use the name and basic calculations for the statistics. As the acquirer continues to have many of the same clients after a sale 22 years ago.

I believe too many investors lump “value” stocks with cyclical stocks, which is why they have been greeted by poor performance for over ten years. Most of the world’s economies have grown during this period due to increasing services revenue growth. Over the same period there have been relatively few goods and materials shortages. Prices of goods, particularly manufactured or natural resources, have not kept up with inflation.

In our fund selection process we like to find true value stocks that show substantial discounts from their intrinsic value. These tend not be economically sensitive and are found infrequently. Most of what others call value, are cyclical stocks selling at the low point in their cycle. Typically, their stock prices rise when shortages appear, often when large competitors drop out or the demand level shifts in their favor.

There is a difference in when to sell a true “value” stock versus a cyclical stock. One completes a trade when the discount disappears in the value stock price. Cyclical stocks should be sold when the investor believes the demand for a company’s product or service is peaking. My own way of timing this is to watch commodity prices and commodity fund performance. We could be entering a more favorable period for cyclicals as 66 of the 72 weekly prices tracked by the WSJ were up, but most commodity funds did not rise, except for those invested in energy.

“Goodbye Globalization”
Goodbye Globalization is the headline in a recent edition of The Economist. This magazine is in the running to replace Time and Fortune magazines as excellent negative indicators. They do not know their history, countries and companies that build fortresses by gathering all needed resources within their walls have proven to be builders of self-inflicted prisons, with high costs and lowered productivity. History suggests that even during wars, opponents trade with each other through third parties. In WWII, the relatively easily conquered Sweden and Switzerland were left unoccupied to serve that purpose. Even when the US was clamping down on an increase in Japanese car imports, they still came in through factories in Mexico and Canada.

But the real historical lesson happened in the 15th Century, within those one hundred years created the “new normal” that guided economic and political trends until the late 18th century. During the 1400s the new young Emperor of China decided to recall its very powerful ships from the Mediterranean, India, Africa, and possibly America, before destroying them. At the time, China was the most advanced country in terms of science, gun power, and business structures. China has still not recovered from that decision and this is one of the reasons for China’s leadership moves today.

By mid-century the Ottoman Turks captured Orthodox Constantinople, turning it into the Moslem dominated Istanbul, enabling them to challenge Eastern Europe. An event that has effects even up to today.

Finally, by the end of the century there was the discovery of the misnamed America. This led to the extraction of Latin American gold which turned the European economy positive and the investment opportunity that the US proved to be.

The lessons to be learned from the 15th century was:
  1. Adam Smith in his book titled "The Wealth of Nations" showed the benefit of countries/companies specializing to get economic advantage through world trade.
  2. Fortresses become prisons, eventually.
  3. Often, new critical stimulus come from outside the recognized ecosystem.
It would be difficult not to be a global consumer and investor today, it would deprive us of a better life.

Good News
In April we saw some individual mutual funds and mutual fund management companies having positive net inflows. The winners had particular selection skills rather than being focused on sector section. Much of the inflows came from institutional or retirement investors. In brief discussions we heard that the trends seen in April continued in May. Nevertheless, on an overall basis equity products had net outflows, but larger amounts went into fixed income investments. Being a contrarian suggests to me that once the risks of higher interest rates and inflation rates become more pronounced, we are likely to see substantial equity inflows that can absorb the actuarially driven outflows.

Any thoughts? Please Communicate.



Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.
https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings_24.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/time-to-review-investments-weekly-blog.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/top-down-sells-bottom-up-pays-weekly.html



Did someone forward you this blog? 
To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at
AML@Lipperadvising.com

Copyright © 2008 - 2018

A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, June 17, 2018

Learning from the Demise of G7 through the Battle of Cowpens - Weekly Blog # 528


I learn and apply these lessons to our investment tasks, communicating them through these blog posts. Global policy judgments are not a focus of these blogs. One can learn from watching conflict resolutions in military, political, and sports worlds that are useful in thinking about future investment decisions.


The G-7 meeting

The G-7 meeting in Canada was a wonderful display of tactics that may predict future strategic movements. President Trump was widely criticized before the meeting as a protectionist, particularly by European allies and Canada. In a brilliant flanking move, he surprised them at the meeting by suggesting a relationship with no tariffs or other barriers to trade. What it revealed was that each of the other countries involved had higher tariffs and more trade constraints than the US. The reason for the discomfort (or more correctly, horror) was that these were put into place to benefit specific politically powerful interests, which would presumably be hurt in a no-tariff world and would cause most of the governments at the meeting to fall. (The US is very conscious of the tariff wall which was the primary cause of the early conflict between the Northern and Southern states and thus really led to the Civil War.

The future may well depend on how close a parallel this is to the Battle of Cowpens during the Revolutionary War and its aftermath.


The Battle of Cowpens

The Battle of Cowpens, fought in 1781, was an engagement between American Colonial forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan and British forces under Sir Banastre Tarleton. Tarleton’s force of 1000 British in the King’s Army went up against the 2000 men under Morgan. Only 200 of the 1000 British troops escaped the battle. The Colonial forces conducted a double envelopment of Tarleton's forces.
From the American side, almost equally as important, they lost two major cannons that could have helped the Colonial forces at Yorktown.

Tarleton was a young and impetuous commander who marched tired troops into battle and fell into a well designed trap of counterattacking by the Americans. The Americans were instructed to fire two rounds and then retreat into the hills, sucking the tired troops into fire from three emplaced positions with their open flank. That is where the American cavalry showed up, having circled the British lines.

The battle was a turning point and coupled with the British defeat at King’s Mountain, compelled Cornwallis to pursue the main southern front of the American Army into North Carolina, leading to Cornwallis’s surrender at Yorktown. Quite possibly, if Cowpens had turned out differently, there might have been a British fleet off Yorktown rather than the French fleet and the US would have remained within the British Empire a little longer. Except, unknown to the participants, a peace treaty had already been signed in London, with considerable help from some members of Parliament.

Clearly the tactics at Cowpens may have had a role in the strategic reorientation of Britain and the United States. Could this also happen to the make-up of the G-7? Was the difficult meeting in Canada a part, perhaps a necessary part, of the pivot to Asia?


Investment Lessons

The following are possible parallels from the G-7/Cowpens actions:
Read more fully about the past and look for less popular, simplistic explanations.
Be careful about following young, impetuous leaders.
Early gains can be a trap.
Rest is an important ingredient for victory.
Don’t leave your flanks unguarded.


Follow-Up Bits

Everyday we are greeted with bits of information, rarely however do we get the complete picture. Often, the bits are in conflict with each other and formerly perceived “truths.” The following are listed in order of their published date.

Money Market deposit account interest rates jumped to 0.52% vs. 0.47% before the Fed raised rates by 25 basis points.

The American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) weekly survey turned roughly 5 percentage points more bullish, dropping 5 percentage points from the bearish category. [At this level, rising short-term interest rates are apparently viewed as bullish.]

Mutual fund investors around the world are primarily investing for long-tem needs, largely retirement. At the end of 2017, US investors owned 44.8% of the $49.3 trillion invested in Funds, with only 31% in equity funds. Of American households, 45% own Funds, with 61% owned in tax deferred accounts. Thus, conventional mutual funds are unlikely to be the leaders in the next speculative surge in the market.
__________
Did you miss my blog last week?  Click here to read.

Did someone forward you this blog?  To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe using the email buttons in the left margin of AML@Lipperadvising.com  or by emailing me directly atAML@Lipperadvising.com

Copyright © 2008 - 2018

A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
Contact author for limited redistribution permission.