Respecting the Opposition & Market - Weekly Bog # 675

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Respecting the Opposition & Market

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Competition Lessons

As a competitive fencer, I regularly fenced men who were better than me. For the most part they had longer arms and were probably better athletes, a real advantage in fencing. I was determined to score as many touches as possible to win matches. The first thing I had to learn was to respect my opponents’ skills and physical advantages. I thus developed what boxers call counterpunching moves. These mental attitudes followed me into the world of investing, where they are called contrarian.

Applications

I believe it would be extremely foolish as an American who served in the US Marine Corps to not identify China as a strong and growing opponent, one whose moves should be respected. Despite having fund investments in China for clients and myself, I am forced to acknowledge China currently having the most prudent central banker. Despite apparently coming out of COVID-19 first, it is retarding its growth by squeezing the non-bank financial providers, who are major providers of loans to the tertiary sectors of their slowing economy. The service sector and light manufacturers have recently grown faster than the rest of their economy but have little in the way of collateral available to be pledged. (Over the centuries there have been numerous Chinese commercial collapses.) As China’s economy has been a major importer of goods and services from the US and the rest of the world, a slowdown in China can create problems here and elsewhere. Unlike other countries attempting to fuel their recoveries, they are delaying going after credit growth outside the banking system. The authoritarian power structure is attempting to get ahead of a problem that has caused disruptions in the past.

A second application of the respect principle is to acknowledge the lessons of the stock market. The most consistent market lesson being the teaching of humility. Below are three historic examples of what may be its future progress:

1. A new bull market riding an economic expansion fueled by government spending.
2. A third term of Obama’s lack of progress.
3. A second coming of FDR’s elongation of an economic recession into a depression. 

I don’t know which path or combination of paths we will take, but I am prepared to be uncomfortable. Contrarian investing is uncomfortable and human beings take comfort in conformity. Contrarian investors must exercise patience, but as Saint Augustine said, “Patience is the companion of wisdom”, hopefully we have enough.

Current Confused Pictures

Hopefully, Positives

• A new generation of investors providing quick liquidity to the less liquid.
• Exchange Traded Products readily available to make directional bets.
• Equity Mutual Fund Holders redeem on average at 4.2 years.
• VIX readings dropping to 17.32 from 46.8 last March.

Perhaps, Negatives

• JOC-ECRI change in a year +88.47%
• Current performance of S&P 500 too high historically. Since 1926 it has averaged +10.3%. Do yearly returns need to decline below normal?

        % Change        Years

        72              1     

        20              2

        15              5

        12             10  

• Over the last year, 12 major currencies rose vs the US$ and 2 declined. Below are the top 2 currencies increasing vs the US$ and the two that declined.

     Australia   +24.4%      Korea       -2.3%

     Singapore   +23.0%      Hong Kong   -0.3% 

Interesting 12-month numbers for Standard Poor’s 500

             13.34%  Average S&P 500 Fund

             13.61%  Average of 30 largest S&P Funds

             13.91%  Gross performance of the stocks

The average large-cap core fund gained +12.53% and probably had 1-2% in cash, suggesting the superiority of passive investing comes from being fully invested, low turnover, and low fees. This could be a good model for all investors in funds or their own accounts.

Two Post-Mortems

While there were some typos in last week’s blog, it had two observations that proved to be germane. The first being Archegos, the family office that had their equity total return swaps liquidated to meet margin calls. We mentioned both Nomura and Credit Suisse had announced expected losses from margin transactions over the weekend. What I didn’t know, was that on Friday, if not before, Goldman Sachs (*) was aggressively liquidating the collateral supporting the Archegos account, where the market action in a number of  “thin” stocks was bothersome. Early trades in Asia were also quite heavy. Sometimes instincts moves faster than knowledge. 

(*) Goldman Sachs is a position in our private financial services fund.

Focusing on instinct, my smart wife Ruth commented to me that not only was the price of food going up at the Supermarket, but also the price of paper goods. This was borne out Monday when it was announced that the price of cardboard boxes went up. These two instances prove that investing is not only an art form but also an active-duty sport.

What do you think?  

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-biggest-risk-we-all-face-weekly.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/2-presidential-lessons-to-be.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html

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Caltech Data Heretics Go to Track for Inspiration - Weekly Blog # 632

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Caltech Data Heretics Go to Track for Inspiration

*Heretics are people holding opinions that are at “odds” with what is generally accepted, “odds” suggests seeking higher returns.

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

One of the luckiest occurrences of my life was being asked to join the board of Trustees at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Participating in board/committee meetings, as well as the informal gatherings, has been one of the great learning experiences of both my and my wife’s lives. I had not focused on the thinking process leading to the 39 Nobel Prizes awarded to Caltech scientists until this weekend. Ruth and I watched a podcast hosted by fellow trustee Rich Wolf on “The Making of The Lonely Idea”, one of several podcasts covering a few of Caltech’s scientists outlining their thinking and discoveries. On the broadcast a few realizations became clear to me:

1. Some of these great minds drew inspiration from the racetrack which is the leading source of my security analysis and investment career thinking.
2. The building blocks of our thinking rests on data, and it is often believed with religious fervor.
3. A careful analysis of the data requires a probing mindset for validation and adjustment.
4. Sound thinking must be anchored in the real world of human experience. 
5. A driving humility that accepts the reality of what is not knowable, as well as a realization of how little we individually know.

This is a particularly good weekend to focus on the investment implications of Friday’s surprising announcement of job growth in the private/commercial sectors, and a much smaller than expected rise in unemployment. The good professors at Caltech would first focus on the generation of the data that led to the burst of enthusiasm for stock prices on Friday. The enthusiasm resulted from a series of global occurrences, including China’s recovery from its shutdown and the announcement of massive US and European stimulus for their economies, to be paid largely by wealthy members for the benefit of those less fortunate.

For the purposes of this discussion I will focus on the US scene as it is the largest portion of most of our subscribers’ wealth and consumption. Nevertheless, few of us lack exposure in our investing and consumption to the influences beyond our borders. It is critical we appreciate that we are living in an incredibly fast and evolving situation as the data is flashed to us. The employment/unemployment report for “May” was for the week ended May 12th. In most months, a mid-month read is a reasonable summary glance for the entire month. However, this is not the case for this report. During May and June, the US, Europe, and Japan have been coming out of a COVID-19 lockdown. With good reason, private citizens have been reluctantly exposing themselves and their families to more contact with the outside, resulting in more people normalizing every day. Consequently, I believe the numbers for the second half of May will be materially more favorable than those of the 12th of May. With the Northeast and California coming online in June and July the employment numbers will get even better.

Humility
One of Caltech’s regular teaching lessons is that there is something to learn from every experiment, typically with more learned from those that did not deliver on their objective. (With a bunch of losing betting tickets and occasional market losses I have a reinforced need for humility.) While we never truly know what the future will hold, the breadth of today’s possible outcomes is extremely wide. In talking to people struggling to make financial plans for the fall and next year, it becomes clear that the probabilities concerning the direction of prices is currently more uncertain. Some see an initial a wave of price declines, due mostly to retail/office space rentals and the liquidation of existing finished goods inventory. This appears to be a short-term view, as almost every serious person I chat with expects prices to rise in the future. An interesting aspect of these discussions is that they initially expect the focus to be on a limited number of critical items purchased at higher prices. When asked about other prices, I am often met with “Oh, I did not think of that, but it should be added to the list”. At the end of these discussions the roster of price increases is considerably larger than the list of expected price bargains.

The key to future prices is the expected level and nature of demand. In assessing this I believe I need even more humility. The consequences of first and future waves of COVID-19, as well as geo-political considerations and habit changes, suggests that as we climb out of our foxholes people may see their lives, jobs, and homes very differently than in the past.

Financial Security
One important area of concern is the understandable desire for financial security. In our own minds we build our own fortress (prison). Until recently, many felt their jobs were the foundation of their security and this was particularly true for those who worked for large organizations. We have seen many of these employment centers “Right-sized” and many are threatened by it coming. Beyond what we earn from our labor, many count on individual and/or group investments: pensions, 401ks, 403bs, Social Security/Medicare, etc. Except for low earners, none of these are impregnable, particularly regarding high inflation. While stocks may be attractive to individual investors in the long-term, they are likely to be more volatile, with the cushions provided by floor specialists and contra-cyclical investors getting smaller. The price of gold and gold mining shares is signaling materially higher inflation. Even if the “gold bugs” are only half right, the biggest surprise to many may be the loss of purchasing power from owning “high quality” bonds.

The natural reaction to these concerns is to build ones own financial fortress, which has historically become a prison due to the lack of mobility. Stock markets in many countries are currently signaling just the opposite, with increased speculation, waves of new IPOs, and a rush into private equity, or its disguised companion private credit.

What to Do?
My investment views rests on Caltech’s practices and my track and investment experiences. Caltech’s 300 faculty and less than 2500 undergraduates, graduates, PhD, and Post Docs are always examining perceived knowledge and looking for a deeper understanding of the world as it exists. More experiments and more mistakes equal more learning, which combined with humility produces good results. Not having the breadth of Caltech, I use a twin approach. For clients and family, we build portfolios of funds, mostly equity. The portfolios use concentrated/narrowly focused funds, along with some broad-based funds. In personal accounts we occasionally add individual stocks to provide exposure to investment areas insufficiently covered in our funds. The big difference in our approach is time horizon, which when successful is for multiple generations.

Question:
Is your investment thinking evolving? If not, why not?

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.
https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings_31.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings_24.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/05/time-to-review-investments-weekly-blog.html



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Copyright © 2008 - 2018

A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
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