This Was the Week That Was, But Not What Was Expected - Weekly Blog # 861

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

 

This Was The Week That Was,

But Not What Was Expected

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

 “Trump Trade”, An Artifact of History

No one really knows which of the new administration’s critical rules and regulations will become law. Both presidential candidates have announced and unannounced wishes, but both are unlikely to get another term. They will have little ability to help various members of Congress win the ’26 or ’28 elections.

 

Unless there is a one-sided sweep of both Houses for the same party, the odds favor majorities in the single digits. While the rest of the world might think Congressional leaders will be able to command political discipline, both parties are split into multiple groups depending on the particular issue. Furthermore, in the Senate there are members who see themselves sitting in the White House after the ’28 elections.  Looking beyond the intramural games of the next four years, there are two elements of news that should be of importance to those of us selecting assets to meet the needs of longer-term investors.

 

The Declining Dollar

The CFA Institute Research & Policy Center conducted a global survey of 4000 CFAs concerning the future value of the US Dollar. The survey was conducted from 15 to 31 of July 2024. They published their findings in a white paper titled “The Dollar’s Exorbitant Privilege” (This is what the French President called the dollar years ago.)

 

A supermajority of respondents believe that US government spending is not sustainable. Only 59% of US Treasury investors believe the US can continue to borrow using Treasuries. (I remember there was a time when we created a special class of Treasuries for the Saudi Arabia, with an undisclosed interest rate). Neither of the two Presidential Candidates have announced any plans to reduce the deficit and both are unannounced pro-inflation. The respondents expect the dollar to be replaced by a multipolar currency system no later than fifteen years from now.

 

Some investors already recognize the risk in the dollar. Bank of America’s brokerage firm noted this week that 31% of their volume was in gold and 24% in crypto, as a way to reduce total dependence on the dollar. One long-term investor diversifying his currency risk is Warren Buffett. After doubling his money in five Japanese Trading companies, he is now borrowing money in Yen.

 

Berkshire Hathaway’s 10Q

As a young analyst I became enamored by their financial statements, long before I could afford to buy shares in Berkshire. In the 1960s I felt a smart business school could devote a whole semester to reading and understanding the financial reports of Berkshire. It would teach students about equity investments, bonds, insurance, commodities, management analysis, and how politics impacts investment decisions. (It might even help the professors learn about the real world)

 

On Saturday Berkshire published its third quarter results with a relatively concise press release, which was top-line oriented. As is required by the SEC it also published its 10Q document, which was over fifty pages long. Ten of those pages were full of brief comments on each of the larger investments. This is what hooked me, although I could not purchase most of their investments because they are not publicly traded. Their comments were in some detail, covering sales, earnings, taxes paid, expense trends, and management issues. The comments gave me an understanding of how the real economy is working. (Along the way I was able to become comfortable enough to buy some shares in Berkshire, and it is now my biggest investment.)

 

The latest “Q” showed that in nine months they had raised their cash levels to $288 billion, compared to $130 billion at year-end.  At the same time, they added $50 billion to investments. Perhaps most significant was that they did not repurchase any of their own publicly traded stock. A couple of years ago at a private dinner with the late and great Charley Munger, I asked him if I should value their private companies at twice their carrying value (purchase price + dividends received). Charley counseled me that everything they owned currently was not a good investment. As usual he was correct. In this quarter’s “Q” there were a significant number of investments that declining earnings or lost money. (I still believe they own enough large winners on average where doubling their holdings value would be reasonable.) If one looks at the operations of a number of industrial and consumer product entities, they themselves conduct substantial financial activities in terms of loans and insurance.

 

Is Warren Buffett’s Caution Warranted?

Some stocks have risen so high that they may have brought some gains forward, potentially reducing future gains. One way to evaluate this is to look at the gains achieved by the leading mutual fund sectors: Total Return Performance for the latest 52 weeks are shown below:

 

Equity Leverage       61.16%

Financial Services    46.38%

Science & Tech        44.13%

Mid-Cap Growth        41.28%

Large-Cap Growth      40.30%

 

I don’t expect all to be leaders in the next 52 weeks, as the three main indices (DJIA, SPX, and the Nasdaq Composite) have “Head & Shoulders” chart patterns, which often leads to a reversal.

 

Question: What Do You Think?

 

 

 

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What Is The Problem? - Weekly Blog # 702

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

What Is The Problem?

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Where are we?

As we enter the third quarter, often a good performing quarter, US stock market volume is underwhelming. Apparently, declining confidence in global political leadership has led to a fall in investor confidence. In the latest week, each of the six best performing funds had a different investment objective. In fund performance order they are: Managed Futures, Flexible, Tech, Financial Services, Natural Resources, and Precious Metals. This suggests no common theme or the likelihood of similar stock positions. Thus, success is likely the result of critical skill in stock selection, not sector or market selection. A similar focus is seen in fixed income, where corporates are outperforming governments.

The American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) weekly sample survey of members is showing no enthusiasm for either a bullish or bearish future for markets. This survey is often a reliable contrary indicator for the next six month’s performance. Of all the indicators reviewed, the only one that’s relatively strong is the Barron’s Confidence Index, which favors stocks over bonds.

In general, I believe actions speak louder than words, particularly from members of the investment/financial community. This week I am seeing an increasing number of respected firms uprooting their employees and moving to Texas or Florida, not just for lower state taxes but for a better lifestyle. In addition, within the fixed income world there has been a considerable shift of investment people from one well known large employer to another. I am also noticing various product lines being transferred from one insurance company to another in the insurance sector. There are undoubtedly specific reasons for each of these shifts, but underlying each shift there appears to be a view that the future will be better for employees and their clients at their new firm. 

Should we be looking at longer periods and seeking different clues? There are brief lessons from Rome, Netherlands (vs Spain), England, and the USA. If we apply these and other lessons, we can handle our competition with China long-term.

Rome

For hundreds of years Rome was the dominant power in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It was the technological leader of the world based on its mastery of building roads for military chariots and commerce. Rome was also the builder of aqueducts bringing water to Mediterranean cities. 

Rome was brought down by its own invention of “Bread and Circuses”. The political powers in Rome provided bread and free entertainment to its supporters in their arenas (circuses). In effect these were bribes. These “gifts” to the population of Rome, the tributes from conquered lands, allowed many Romans to not work. The history of great empires like Rome is that they fell due to internal pressures and the unwillingness to properly defend themselves. Thus, the great Roman Empire was defeated by bribes that weakened their will to survive.

Netherlands

The country fought a series of wars to free itself from the threat of occupation by the much larger and richer Spain. It was essentially a war between Spain, with its import of Latin American gold wealth, and the aggressive Dutch merchants who worked together. (One of the classic paintings of this era shows a group of merchants serving as night watchmen to alert their community to the danger of fire in their midst.) These merchants were inventive, creating the first stock exchange. They were also early in developing funding vehicles such as trading companies servicing their established colonies in South America, Asia, and Africa. Robeco also successfully built the first self-managed and owned mutual fund, way before the late Jack Bogle’s Vanguard. 

When I was a junior security analyst at Burnham, there was great respect paid to the firm’s Dutch clients who were believed to be very savvy judging risk. (I remember commenting on one occasion that the Dutch were selling shares in a Dutch international company to the Americans. It seemed to me that the locals were right, and they proved to be.) 

From a small geographic base and only a merchant fleet, they established a number of large international companies and colonies, without the benefit of a strong military. This proves that under the right circumstances merchant power and expertise is equal to or better than a strong military base. Even today, Dutch financial companies “punch” way above their geographic weight.

England

England, or more precisely the United Kingdom, is another former global empire from a small country with limited natural resources. Like the Dutch, they were early in building a savings industry, which is now a world financial power. The country has also produced more legal principles than any other in the world. While The Magna Carta was only between the King and Nobles, it proved to be the foundation of the concept of limited government. 

The English did something few countries have done, passing the crown three times to leaders born outside the country, and it worked well. The political establishment has also yielded to a popular view other than the sitting government. (While we celebrate the US victory at Yorktown as the end of the American Revolutionary War, a peace treaty was signed in London before the battle even began. Without electronic communication, America had to wait for a ship to arrive with the news.) The change in London was led by prime minister William Pitt, the Younger, who deemed the war too expensive relative to the value of US trade. The long war was difficult to win, so the finest military and navy conceded. Only great leadership of a country has the strength to recognize changes have taken place that require a change in policy.

USA and Prohibition

Almost as soon as elections were held in the cities of this country, it was common for some political groups to offer alcoholic drinks to would be voters. A small-scale throwback to the “bread and circuses” of Rome, but still a type of bribe. When the temperance movement gathered steam I suspect it received some support from those who felt gifted alcohol on election day may have changed some votes, particularly in big cities with lots of new voters. 

Much like with William Pitt, the Younger, popular opinion turned against prohibition when policies needed to be changed in the 1930s. It probably cemented the “wet” politician relationship with bootleggers, speakeasy proprietors, their suppliers and customers. Even after Prohibition, the only places in New York state to get a drink on election and primary days were locations independent of New York law, the Indian reservations and the dining room at the United Nations. This demonstrates the US can change policies when the perceived facts change.

China

I believe the current leadership in China is largely consistent with its history, demographics, and its financial structure. Approximately 90% of the people living in China today are descendants of the Han Chinese, the remaining 10% comprised of approximately 55 other national groups. While many of these groups have lived peacefully in China for hundreds if not thousands of years, they are viewed as potentially disruptive by the central government. Based on these concerns I believe the government does not want to add new nationalities into China. Because the Nationalist government fled China, they view Taiwan as largely Han Chinese. If I am close to correct, I do not believe Xi wants to occupy other countries. However, it is afraid of being trapped by unfriendly neighbors. That is why they want them to be friendly and not be controlled by other world powers.

Xi has other problems, including incipient competition funded by some successful businesspeople. He is very conscious he’s in a race against time, with the population aging and not replenishing itself.  The Chinese are prodigious savers who’ve had little to spend their money on and a heritage of living rurally with weather/crop cycles. Within family groups and some small communities there is a combination lottery lending mechanism, allowing the winners to jump to a higher economic level. In aggregate Chinese savings are enormous, funding both business and various levels of government.

The best way for the US to become more competitive with China is in some respects to copy them. Currently, our political leaders measure our success by the amount we are spending on goods and services. Although this provides current value, some consumption has no value long-term, causing this country to fall further behind as a saving society. The US government should switch its emphasis to saving for the future, where we are very much underfunding retirement. Additional savings would push up savings income and attract Chinese investors anxious to diversify their investments.  They are all conscious of the risks in their own over leveraged society. 

If we are able to do this, we would accomplish what my wife describes as a double win, benefiting both the Chinese and the Western investor. Such an occurrence would generate a lot of confidence.

Why Now?

While many people talk longer-term, most of their psychic and financial income is relatively short-term, impacted by their own expected tax rates. The future is almost never crystal clear and for many it has become either less clear, less attractive, or both.

Near-term elections over the next three years may provide some answers, or they may not. It will depend on leadership characteristics changing from the standard politician’s focus on the next election and those of statesmen or women focusing on future generations.  

   

What do you think?    

 

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https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/10/the-confidence-game-weekly-blog-701.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/09/two-confessions-weekly-blog-700.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/09/observations-prior-to-excitement-weekly.html

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Investing in Wishes or Thoughts, Fair or Full - Weekly Blog # 613

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Investing in Wishes or Thoughts, Fair or Full

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Everything people do involves investing. Committing effort, emotions, or capital influences our immediate, short-term, or indefinite future. Thankfully, a relatively small portion of the world’s population invests in securities and funds, which is the focus of these blogs. I have been asked where I get the ideas for these weekly blogs and the simple answer is that they are derived from my thinking about the investment implications of much what I observe, through reading and other inputs. Today’s blog is drawn from my investment thoughts on what I observed this week.

Davos Implications from the Media
The global meeting of the “bright people” drew government leaders, politicians, business leaders, and experts (some self-appointed). We are all in sales and attempt to convince others and should recognize those who are similarly trying to convince others. My first impression was that almost all attending were selling their views rather than looking to buy the ideas of others. As someone who has attended many conferences that were turned out to be sales meetings, I have found them to be useful in making the initial sales effort and reinforcing my knowledge of previously sold items. Thus, my impression of Davos was that it was an expensive way to see old friends and make some new contacts who might possibly introduce the participant to an absent or eventual buyer.

In a few media interviews there was the expressed desire to moderate the boom and bust cycles, usually through some “top-down” strategy. This is a classic wish from those hurt by past recessions, who lust for the power to prevent future recessions. They want to live in a planned world, but they forget the old expression “man plans, and God laughs”.

There are two primary sources of economic/business cycles, fear and greed, and surprises. Today, practically every businessperson and politician are anxious to lengthen the present cycle through to their next critical report or election. The main way they attempt to do this is by weakening the safeguards put in place during the last cycle. They may be temporarily successful in keeping the game going through the next milestone, but increase the risk of failing to reach future milestones. Even if we are successful in moderating the greed in people, we will still be subject to periodic surprises like unexpected weather conditions, medical emergencies (coronavirus, etc.), and machine failures.

To me, the real message from meetings of “bright people” is that we live in an uncertain world. From an investment standpoint it means we need a series of human and financial capital reserves, recognizing that by definition we won’t be able to anticipate all surprises. The best we can hope for is to be a bit early in in recognizing changes. For example, politicians and other marketers are pitching for perfection, but are only going to get well thought out ideas delivered by imperfect humans.

This Week’s Divergent Views
Normally, followers of fund investments expect the average weekly performance to be less than half of 1%. This week through Thursday it was -0.37%, although there were nine mutual fund investment averages that lost over 1%. They were led by a drop of -3.94 % for the 130 Energy MLP funds and a -3.63% drop for the 98 China Region funds. Two investment objectives gained more than 1.0%, the 58 Utility funds gained +2.00% and the 267 Real Estate funds gained +1.06%.

The American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) sample survey showed that 45.6% were bullish compared with 33.1% three weeks ago. (Readings above 40% are abnormal.) In reviewing the weekly prices of stock indices, commodities, and currencies, 31% rose and 69% declined.

Quite possibly, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the S&P 500 Index charts are signaling a rounding top. A rounding top for the NASDAQ Composite chart has not yet developed. This is significant because the NASDAQ has led the older indices higher. The question for long-term investors is whether current prices and valuations represent fair or fully priced merchandise. Fair prices suggest that buyers and sellers are evenly matched, with equilibrium prices having as much risk as reward for the period. Fully priced suggests that without any new positive information, there is more risk at current prices than there is upside. Relatively low volume and somewhat quiet derivative trading suggests that the direction in the near-term is not yet clear.

Attitudes are a Jobs Problem
In the US there are more job openings than people registered to work. When I question why employers can’t fill their vacancies, one of the constant replies is attitude, particularly the attitudes of young people who attended college. The employers are particularly concerned with  the attitudes of those who’s schooling was not centered on STEM. Those who are primarily schooled at liberal arts institutions (notice I did not say educated), believe that they do not have to provide a sufficient amount of work and cooperation with their bosses and fellow workers. They believe that they are entitled to jobs because of their time spent in school but are not committed to working hard and diligently. I suspect that in some cases the job seekers expect the need for more discipline than there was at school or home.

Saturday night, a thought occurred to me while listening to the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra’s Lunar New Year concert and celebration. At the end of the concert the stage was crammed with a large group of Chinese-American children between the ages of five and sixteen singing in Chinese, Italian, and English. They not only sounded good, but were an example of strict physical discipline. They reminded me of the precision drill teams I experienced in Military School and in the US Marine Corps. As a potential employer I would be very interested in discussing future employment with these choristers compared to some of the young people discussed above. A disciplined work force like those found in parts of Asia is another reason to continue to invest in Asia securities and funds.

Question of the week: Which of my ideas are helping you with your investments?



Did you miss my past few blogs? Click one of the links below to read.
https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/01/is-it-always-brains-over-flexible.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/01/architectural-sway-points-and-current.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/01/how-much-will-markets-decline-10-25-or.html



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Stocks Are Not Concerns of Contrarians; Structure & Debt Are - Weekly Blog # 510.

Introduction

I attempt to learn every single day. Further, as a disciple of betting on racehorses, I am always searching for the potentially successful contrarian bet. Contrarians perceive potential future developments different than the crowd. Thus, they almost always are premature and often wrong. However, since contrarians by definition have fewer followers when they are wrong (or too premature) losses are relatively small.

Normal Stock Markets Decline

Anyone that has studied the laws of gravity or were a ground-crunching US Marine, is used to a long march up a hill or a stock chart followed an accelerating decline. We should have expected it because of the length of the past performance streak.

For the last ten years earnings growth has been declining and most of the time operating earnings have been growing in the mid-single digit range. On the other hand, due to the central banks/governments’ manipulation of interest rates, risk assets mainly stocks, attracted inflows. Using the average US Diversified Equity Mutual Fund  investment performance for periods ending at the end of January produced the following results:

Average US Diversified Equity Fund Performance

Period Length	% Total Reinvested Return
One Year	+21.34%
Two Year	+ 20.96%
Three Year	+ 11.12%
Five Year	+ 12.53%
Ten Year	+   8.12%

Any follower of statistical streaks, e.g., Super Bowl winners, election victories, or rainy days would doubt the continuation of a streak. Despite the Atlanta Fed’s latest forecast of GDP 2018 growth of 5.4%, streaks end  often to the disbelief of the crowd.

First Contrarian Concern

The stock market structure  has changed and some very successful people are betting on further changes.

A strategist at JP Morgan* has noted that there has been massive redemptions by commodity trading advisors and risk parity pools. Charles Schwab* has noted massive unwinding of “short vol” and other positions to meet margin calls. In the latest week, according to my old firm, conventional equity mutual funds had net redemptions of $3.1 Billion and equity ETFs had net redemptions of $ 20.8 Billion. While there may be some double counting in these observations, what is clear to me is that the trading community reacted much more and faster than the longer-term investment community. (We can discuss privately whether we are seeing modern day Sir Issac Newtons at work.)

From a longer term point of view I am much more concerned in watching three of our most prominent investment leaders adding dramatically new (to them) investment activities. Goldman Sachs* going into consumer small loan business through Marcus. Black Rock announcing that it wishes to raise $10 Billion to permanently invest in long-term minority positions similar to Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger at Berkshire Hathaway* and some of their other holdings. Blackstone becoming the 55% partner in ThomsonReuters* financial services, currently managed by Reuters.

*Owned in a private financial services fund or in personal accounts

Each of these may make sense, but requires the use of talents that they may not have already.

What is much more significant to me as a stock market investor is that they are saying that their existing businesses are insufficient to produce enough of the expected profits.  When a crowd moves to a different casino table or shrinks around a trading post on the floor of a stock exchange, one has to wonder whether these bright people are saying something very fundamental to which we should be paying attention.

Second Contrarian Concern

One of the reasons for the victory in the last Super Bowl was the winner had better defenses than the loser. When Marines are forced to go into a defensive position they continue to examine it for possible weaknesses. Most defenses are based on an orderly collection of principles. The two main fixed income considerations are duration/maturity and credit quality. 

Around the world the search for somewhat acceptable yield has led to record sales of bond funds and other credit bearing devices. Due to low and until very recently declining yields, investors have been lengthening their duration to get higher yields even though central banks/ governments are raising rates. The traditional ethos of investing in fixed income is that one makes money through receiving interest payments and hopefully reinvesting them wisely if they are not consumed. Most of the time investors are not concerned about losing principal as the bonds promise to pay off at par. Great theory, but when rates change and fixed income prices decline, bond fund net asset values decline. This is what has opened in the year 2018 up to February 8th. The average Core Bond fund on a total return basis declined-1.67%. This is the largest category for retail investors. Even more disheartening was the performance of the general US Government funds -3.83%. This demonstrates when rates move up a small amount investors can lose money. One needs to remember that there have been periods when high quality rates reached into the double digit range.

My real concern is the possibility of some credit instruments not paying off in full or on time. As someone that sits on investment committees that are besieged by the newest and latest credit instrument vehicles, my guess is that many will be okay, but some may not. For example, a credit fund for a management group that has had prior trouble announces its week even; with 40% in cash they have felt it needed to reduce its net asset valuation in half. Many of the new credit vehicles in the US and other markets  are staffed by bright people who believe in the numbers provided and their derived algorithms. As interest rates move higher, integrity throughout the system may not.

While one can certainly lose more money in stocks than fixed income securities, the expectations are different. In fixed, one expects most of the time is disappointment with the smallness of the gains. Most investors do not expect to have any loses in fixed income. At this point in the cycle, one should be aware that there can be losses and on an emotional basis of disappointment there can be more risk in fixed income than in recognizable volatile equities.

Question of the Week: What are you watching for in terms of fixed income risk?  

__________

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