Showing posts with label Passive investors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Passive investors. Show all posts

Sunday, February 19, 2023

A Terrible Week - Weekly Blog # 772

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


A Terrible Week

 

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018

 

 

 

A Blogger’s Point of View

Everyone reacts to stimuli based on their physical, financial, and emotional perspective. Considering these filters, I had a rough week. While I almost always have views, I try to base them on facts. I found little in the way of published facts supporting or completely opposing my views. Therefore, to quote my arts photographer, I opened up my aperture to give more credence to a widened field of inputs. Some may refer to these as collateral notions, but in the absence of convincing evidence they will have to do.

 

Quality of Information

In the US Marine Corps, we were instructed to value our inputs in terms of accuracy and creditability when planning to engage the enemy. I find this type of information missing from most publicly available statements about the future, although there are occasionally some pre or post warnings to be found. This week there were two such notices concerning topics about future budgets and pandemics.

 

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) regularly publishes estimates about future budgets related to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Demographic outlook. (One problem with both studies is that accuracy in the past has been wide of the mark. In spite of that, they presented a single number answer in their projections. I question the precision and credibility of the single number. For example, their stated deficit for 2023 is $1.4 Trillion and between ‘24 and ’33 it will average $2 Trillion. As this is perhaps the single most important number for those who pay their salaries, I would be more impressed with a range and a description of what might cause the difference. Personally, I would doubt an estimate in the exact center of the range.)

 

Furthermore, while the demographic study shows a decline in population, it is my guess that a good psychographic study would show an even worse outlook concerning the number of hirable people and their willingness to work.

 

Perhaps the biggest blow to the creditability of government estimates and actions are summed up in the following headline “Fauci Changes His Public Tune on Covid Vaccines”. In an article in “Cell Host & Microbe Journal, Dr Fauci wrote that vaccines against respiratory viruses provided “decidedly suboptimal” protection against infection and rarely produced durable, protective immunity. (I am not qualified to have a medical opinion. I certainly don’t know whether they hurt and probably will continue to get shots if my doctor recommends them.)


The key lesson from these inputs going back to my USMC training is to evaluate inputs based on the sources of the input. In these particular cases both were paid for by a government apparently in need of political help, meaning they should be viewed with skepticism while searching for other “facts” or properly labeled opinions.

 

Application Analysis

Investors love numbers, but often don’t apply carefully with constraints in making investment decisions. The following is both a summary of the data and my applications of the input.

  1. The longer the period measured, the smaller the downside. (It is best to invest for the long term, there are very few periods of 20 years or longer where it hasn’t paid to invest in a portfolio of stocks. - Losers are not around for the full period.)
  2. Historically, when an inverted 2-year US Treasury yield is higher than the ten-year yield for more than 100 trading days, 10-year yields peak. The current inversion has existed for over 160 days. (Either the old formula doesn’t work anymore, or the drop is going to be large.)
  3. In the minds of investors, most stocks traded on the NASDAQ are more growth oriented than those on the NYSE and many are considered to be speculative. NASDAQ investors are not normally more patient than investors favoring NYSE issues. Additionally, there are fewer passive investors owning NASDAQ stocks. Last week 61.8 % of the shares traded on the NASDAQ fell, vs. 53.7% on the NYSE. (Speculators tend to sell more quickly than investors, as they sense price problems more quickly. – Hint, the stock market sold off later in the week because participants finally believed the Fed was probably not going to lower interest rates this year. Even though many growth stocks are not highly indebted, the larger the number of years used to value earnings growth, the higher the valuation.)
  4. There are 20.8 million employees in goods producing firms and 129.6 million in service providers. (In an attempt to reduce inflation, the political establishment is focusing on the sales of goods producers instead of service providers. However, these politicians probably are more likely to be Democrats.)
  5. One of the most interesting aspects of the week was the rise in John Deere’s stock price. They announced rising earnings, declining supply chain problems, lower industrial costs, and an increase in their own prices. (The timing of their price increase is curious. While I do not follow the company, a number of my old analyst friends had great respect for it. This made me think that this savvy management team might be afraid of political pressure to lower prices in the not-too-distant future and wanted to start out from a higher level.)
  6. The weekend WSJ ran the following headline “Brace for the Richcession”. The article highlighted wages going up more than inflation for the poorest quintile of workers.  The other quintiles could be losing ground, not only in terms of relative wage hikes, but because their home prices and portfolios have peaked. Thus, the Richcession in the title. (I am not certain of the nature of the problems the editors were considering, but they may also sense an attempt to restructure society and therefor the economy.)
  7. The biggest immediate problem facing America and other economies is China’s economy slowing down. Exports to China are critical to world trade growth.
  8. I do not know how to measure it statistically, but I sense there is declining trust throughout our ecosystem. All relationships are based on trust, be they personal, political, or economic relationships. (While I and my accounts have been purposeful global investors for a long-time, as an odds-playing investor I get nervous when I see what occurred last week. One of our most speculative sectors, equity exchange traded funds (ETFs), had negative outflows of $783 million, while international ETFs had inflows of $1.9 billion. This makes sense tactically and is appropriate for hedging purposes, but it is not encouraging for our children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren.

 

Readers, please share your thoughts as to my views.     

 

 

 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Mike Lipper's Blog: Primer on Starts of Cyclical & Stagflation - Weekly Blog # 771

 

Mike Lipper's Blog: Words that Trap: Growth, Value, Recession - Weekly Blog # 770

 

Mike Lipper's Blog: What will the Future Bring? - Weekly Blog # 769

 

 

 

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

 

Copyright © 2008 – 2023

Michael Lipper, CFA

 

All rights reserved.

 

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Sunday, January 9, 2022

Deeper Thoughts - Weekly Blog # 715

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


Deeper Thoughts


Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –




Governments Manipulate Markets More Than Markets Manipulate Governments

Warning: Some of your basic beliefs will be challenged by the following analysis. Accept what you will. The value of this blog is the path of analysis, which may cause you to think differently about some matters.


Finally, a Wake-Up Call

In the first trading week of 2022, the US stock market experienced an unexpected downdraft on relatively light volume. Normally, the first week of the year is one when pension funds and other retirement accounts (401k) make their annual commitments to equities, usually giving the market an upward bias. Why not this year? Two possible clues emanate from the yield on 10-Year US Treasuries and NASDAQ Composite prices. They both often lead US markets in direction, which in turn tends to lead most global markets.

While the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) experienced more up volume in 4 of 5 days, the NASDAQ experienced more downside volume in 3 of 5 days. The NYSE up volume may result from the annual commitment of retirement accounts. The NASDAQ’s higher percentage of new lows, 16.4% vs 7.6%, uncovers some disturbing results. About 20% of NASDAQ stocks have fallen into “bear market” patterns. (As regular subscribers know, I use the NASDAQ price performance as a leading indicator, partially due to the relative absence of passive investors in that market. While I have no data to support my view, NASDAQ investors hold their positions for shorter periods due to more buyouts and bankruptcies.)

From a broader perspective, the rise in 10-Year Treasury yields to 1.77% may be even more significant. Over the weekend, the Bloomberg news crawl indicated European investors being shook by the drop in US Treasury prices. I believe this was mostly the concern of European central banks, excluding the Swiss National Bank. (The SNB has been investing in US stocks to cover the pain caused by the rising value of the Swiss Franc. Their largest position is a meaningful investment in Apple *.) The play in UST paper, until this week, has been the strength of the dollar. Even when hedged, its net yield was better than most other government debt. I believe many European accounts needing dollar debt have gravitated to non-government bonds.

(*) Owned in personal accounts

The decline in US government paper was long overdue. While probably still the safest large currency, the credibility of this Administration’s word is a growing concern. s Most rational global investors were shaken by the way the US retreated from Afghanistan, leaving many people promised entry into the US stranded. Currently, our use of words rather than military force to protect the people of Ukraine downgrades belief in the US. The Administration’s Anti-Trust efforts to buy union votes at the expense of commercial capital is also a worry. 


Almost All to Blame for Growing High Inflation

For political reasons, many governments look to solve social problems through central control. Led by politicians with no real-world experience they utilize top-down thinking. This is called socializing the problem, which requires money from the “well-off” to keep the unfortunate barely above water. Charity has been part of the world since the organization of religions. One biblical view is that it is far better to teach someone to fish (profitably), than to feed them fish. If governments truly wanted to help, they could arrange tax structures to encourage charity, with some constraints on charitable organizations.

Instead, today’s political leaders follow the ancient Roman political practice of providing bread and circuses (games) to keep the lower classes quiet. Over time, the costs of this strategy led to raising taxes. High taxes took money out of the commercial economy and led to underspending on military and other vital services. These choices led to a weakened state that was overrun by The Barbarians. Almost every global empire has fallen due to a similar pattern of political leadership, high taxes and a weak military.

There are two ways of reducing financial wealth, taxes and devaluation through inflation. The Romans did it by reducing the amount of gold and silver in their coinage, we are doing it through higher prices. Milton Friedman stated, “inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon”. Inflation accelerates with a shortage of critical goods and services. Many governments pay lip service to solving society’s ills by borrowing today and repaying later, in money devalued by inflation. Both the current and prior Administrations have practiced this policy. 

The financial history of Donald Trump was massive borrowing with debt often settled at below face value. By the time Trump built his Casinos in Atlantic City, he was already running out of sources of credit, which led him to depend on Deutsch Bank. (As some of his debt was publicly traded, an analyst in a Philadelphia brokerage firm wrote a report questioning the soundness of the debt. Trump tried to get the analyst fired using his bully tactics but luckily, he was not successful. His major Casino went bankrupt and its debt trades at junk prices today. As President, he grew the size of our National Debt with the clear intention of buying it back at below face value.

The current Administration seeks to increase its union workers voter support, mostly in Northern states. The party in power is simultaneously trying to reduce the economic power of other states through taxes, tariffs, contracts, and anti-trust policies. They hope people will not see the devaluation of their hard-earned money in the financial press, although they will see higher prices at the grocery store. Much of the inflation results from the cost of transportation of goods and services, with the price of oil rising from below $20 to about $80 a barrel. This was caused by closing pipelines, preventing drilling on federal lands, and other such measures. Consequently, the US is no longer energy-independent and relies on expensive foreign oil being shipped into the US.


Six Day Tally

I don’t know what future prices and fund net asset values will be. However, the dichotomy in results through Thursday is cause for concern. These results exclude a further significant decline on Friday. The following list of comparisons may be of interest to those trying to make sense of the US stock market:

  1. The JOC-ECRI Industrial Price Index performance year over year is +32.15%.
  2. The AAII sample survey summary predicts no direction, with bullish, bearish, and neutral all about 33%.
  3. The Barron’s Confidence Index projection of future performance shot way up, favoring bonds over stocks.
  4. 2/3rds of weekly WSJ prices for stocks, bonds, ETFs, currencies, and commodities fell.
  5. While the NASDAQ declined -4.53%, S&P Small-Caps only fell -1.23%.
  6. The average Value fund rose +0.98%, while the average Growth fund fell -3.65%.
  7. Only 2 of 31 fixed income fund peer averages rose.
  8. Only 1 of the 25 largest equity funds rose. 
  9. In December, 8 of 11 equally weighted S&P sectors beat the capital weighted indices. Only 10 of 50 S&P global indices gained 20% or more in 2021.

This suggests to me that 2022 is going to be a difficult year. 


What do you think?

  



Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2022/01/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/12/are-investors-taking-too-much.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/12/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html




Did someone forward you this blog? 

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com


Copyright © 2008 - 2020


A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.


Contact author for limited redistribution permission.




Sunday, October 24, 2021

ARE WE LISTENING AS HISTORY RHYMES? - Weekly Blog # 704

 



Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings


ARE WE LISTENING AS HISTORY RHYMES?


Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –




Pseudo Historians?

Whether we appreciate it or not, we are pseudo-historians because we store knowledge of our experiences, thoughts, or what we’ve learned from others directly or through the media. We call this “Memory”. Recall some important incident that happened to you ten years ago. If it is a pleasant memory, we delight in it and it takes up more space in our memory bank than unpleasant memories. Notice, as we get older and have more memories there is little recognition of mild events. Also notice that when discussing a specific memorial event with someone who experienced it with you, the details are somewhat different than yours. As you discuss the slightly different shared views of the past, it would not be unusual to see that you have sugar coated certain aspects. 

Welcome to the world of the historian and notice how two competent people observe the same thing differently. (My personal Queen, my wife, just reminded me that the Queen of England has said “recollections vary”.) Furthermore, most histories are written by the victors or their supporters. Typically, many are called victors for taking some small part in a victory. There are far fewer histories written from the losing side. Few want to be tagged as the reason for defeat. (I wish business schools had extensive courses on commercial failures, as they would be much more instructive than accolades not fully deserved.)

Why am I focusing on the way we learn from historical rhymes in this investment blog? Typical investors believe they have past knowledge they can use to make future decisions. I believe they are not paying sufficient attention to the past, as most investment disappointments are regularly repeated. 


Why Now in October?

One of the curses of history is tied to the seasons and sporadic rotation. Without the same cyclicality of the earth’s rotation, we humans evaluate history to understand why we are in our current condition. This coming week on October 28th & 29th, 92 years ago, became known as Black Monday and Black Tuesday. Over those two days the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 24%, with volume reaching the unheard number of 16 million shares on Black Tuesday. As early as March 25th that year the Federal Reserve warned of excessive speculation. The stock market had been rising for 9 years and had gained 10 times its starting level. Various pundits proclaimed the stock market had reached a permanently higher plateau. (My grandfathers’ brokerage firm was preparing to retire and was closing client margin accounts.) In addition to investment speculation, the farm community was carrying excess debt due to unexpected crop price declines. (There is a debate as to whether the stock market break was the cause of the Great Depression. It potentially resulted from the loss of confidence that swept the nation, as only16% of the US population was invested in the stock market.)


What About Today?

I have little confidence in my or anyone else’s ability to regularly predict the future of markets consistently. What I attempt to do is gather relevant information that may provide clues as to the future. The following list of inputs is not an attempt to persuade, as in a “Ben Franklin sales pitch” which always has more favorable elements. The data points should be noted, but not weighed, as the unknown future is not as much a mathematical game as a psychological one. The following is my list of items that can lead to an investment decision:


Positives in favor of continued US stock Market Gains

  1. For the markets to move higher, the old Dow Jones Theory requires the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA) to confirm the gains of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). In the latest week the DJIA gained 108 points and is close to a new record high. The DJTA simultaneously rose 383 points from a lower base. Railroad and trucking companies are transporting more freight out of burdened ports. Airlines are benefiting from increased domestic/international business travel and are additionally profiting from freight business diverted from ships to meet seasonal supply demand.
  2. This week, investors using the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) showed their bullishness by pushing 401 stocks to new highs vs 108 to new lows.
  3. In their sample weekly survey, the American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) raised their bullish prediction to 46.9% from 37.9% the week before.
  4. The market has been in a constrained trading range for more than six months. The loss of political confidence has led to a loss of investor confidence, resulting in a massive amount of uninvested cash waiting for a signal to invest.


Negatives Against Investing Now

  1. Twenty-two out of 88 mutual fund investment objective averages have risen over 60% since March 23rd, 2020, most being the more popular fund categories. Historically, performance exceeding 20% per annum is unsustainable. There are two ways to correct this condition, lengthen the flat period or endure negative performance.
  2. For the week, the number of new lows on the NASDAQ was 340, more than three times the number of new lows on the NYSE. Due to the relative absence of passive investors on the NASDAQ, I believe their investors are savvier than those on the NYSE, whose investors are more sensitive to volatile cash flows from passive funds and public investors.
  3. The discussion of Black Monday and Tuesday, plus the length of time since the bottom in 2009, reminds me that excess speculation often leads to a market correction. The big difference between now and 1929 is the big debt bulge not covered by flows is in the government sector (federal, state, and local). Current corporate debt in unprofitable companies is also a problem. 
  4. While public participation in the stock market is much higher than the 16% in 1929, it is comprised mostly of retirement accounts. In the past they have not been particularly sensitive to market moves, but growth in the lack of confidence could see dramatic changes.



Please share with me which you see first, a 50% rise or fall?  

 



Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/10/guessing-what-too-quiet-stock-markets.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/10/what-is-problem-weekly-blog-702.html


https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/10/the-confidence-game-weekly-blog-701.html




Did someone forward you this blog? 

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com


Copyright © 2008 - 2020


A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.


Contact author for limited redistribution permission.