The Biggest Risk We All Face - Weekly Blog # 674

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

The Biggest Risk We All Face

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Self- Inflicted Risk

While many try, nobody commands how we make decisions. That is why each of us are ingenious in building our own strict prisons. Our jailers are what we choose to believe or not believe. It is that process which leads to our single biggest investment risk: Conformation Bias. While we are very conscious of the endless sources of facts and opinions in this modern era, the way we deal with too much information is to ignore much and accept some of the inputs. 

I cannot improve on your own selection process but will attempt to aid you in assessing the strength of your convictions. In this way I hope to improve the consequences of deeply held beliefs. For centuries, most people held firm to the belief that we lived on a flat earth. The consequence of that firm belief led to the economic disadvantage of not finding other parts of the world and not understanding weather patterns.

With apologies to subscribers for another example of learning from my most important educational source, the racetrack. The ranking of other bettors’ beliefs before each race are the winning odds on each participant, measured by the number of bettors favoring a particular horse multiplied by the amount of money bet. The generally known percentage history of the most favored horses winning is way below half and closer to one-third. Few pay attention to the percent return on each successful horse, which tends to be much bigger. For example, in a race where the most favored horse pays off at even money, a bettor would cash a winning $2.00 ticket for $4.00. If a 10 to 1 shot is the winner, the winning $2 ticket receives $22, or 5.5 times the cash payoff of the even money winner. (The payoffs are after track fees and local taxes.) The job of a good portfolio manager, using this example, is to pick at least one of three races vs. the even money bettor.

In the long run it is more profitable to somewhat invest in greatly unpopular securities and funds rather than those that are popular, which is why understanding Confirmation Bias is so important.

A Self-Administered Test of Your Confirmation Bias

The following is a list of controversial statements, not necessarily my beliefs. There are six alternative buckets for your beliefs: Believe (80%-100%/40%-60%/10%-20%) and Disbelieve (80%-100%/40%-60%/10%-20%). Where appropriate, place the strength of your belief or disbelief in each of the columns, as shown in the italicized example below:

                                                                                                

                                                                                                                  10%-20%/40%-60%/80%-100%

Statement                                   Beliefs       Disbeliefs 

“Money is the Mothers’ Milk Of Politics (1) 80%-100%        10%-20%                                           

1. “Money is the Mothers’ Milk Of Politics   

2. Redistribute Capital to Redistribute Votes 

3. Need More Union Dues Contributions

4. Higher Taxes, Lower Growth

5. “Value” Better than “Growth” for 10 Years

6. Drawdowns 34%-49% (2)

Complete the table below by placing a check under one of the belief columns and one of the disbelief columns, answering for each of these six questions above. 

               Beliefs                        Disbeliefs 

      80%-100%  40%-60%  10%-20%      80%-100%  40%-60%  10%-20%

1.

2. 

3.

4.

5.

6.

1. A statement by Jesse Unruh, speaker of the California House and supporter of each of the three Kennedy Brothers.
2. In the last 23 years, the annual decline of the S&P 500 was -49% in 2008 and -34% in 1987, 2002 and 2020. 

If your beliefs or disbeliefs are dominant in either column, you are at risk of Conformity Bias and should examine the opposite point of view. This will enable you to set up an early warning signaling the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction to your basic beliefs.

What to Do?

The most difficult job of a good portfolio manager is to periodically balance different points of view and quickly recognize early warning signs of a change. (At the track, a sudden shift in odds indicates new money has a different view, which should be re-examined to see if it contains new information which merits a change of opinion.) 

It is rare for our fiduciary portfolios to not have elements of growth and value. This is particularly true when the portfolio is broken down into sub-portfolios based on different payment and volatility needs. Currently, another major focus is domestic versus international, with China being under a controlled slowing and the US possibly being under a dangerous induced expansion.

Brief Updates 

Each of the following could be developed into its own blog, but I will spare you, although I’m happy to discuss these items with subscribers offline.

1. There are rumors of the administration thinking about instituting a tax on miles driven. Also, there is talk of an excess profits tax on those individuals and companies that appeared to have made money due to the pandemic and lockdowns.
2. Union membership has been cut in half since 1975, when it was 20% of the workforce, but it has risen a bit very recently.
3. The NASDAQ vs NYSE, which is the leader? In terms of year over year volume, NYSE -34.69% vs NASDAQ +30.50%. New lows in terms of the percentage of issues traded, NYSE 7.6% vs NASDAQ 11.9%. The relative absence of passive investors in the NASDAQ may be causing the difference.
4. The JOC-ECRI Industrial Price Index year over year is +83.7%. (Closer to home, Ruth mentioned that not only are food prices going up at the supermarket, but also paper products. It would be reasonable to assume packaging costs are increasing too. Paper, and energy for trucks, are part of the JOC index.)
5. The AAII bullish/bearish reading is 50.9%/20.6%
6. The largest free cash flow sector is Financials.
7. Large commodity speculators are increasing their short positions over their growing long positions in copper, crude oil, gold, live cattle, silver, T Bonds, wheat, and the Yen.
8. Small-Cap Value mutual funds are the leading diversified mutual fund peer group +20.46%. Mutual Funds should be important to other investors as 47.4% of US households own mutual funds.
9. James Mackintosh mentioned in the WSJ that the three stages of debt expansion are: speed, stimulus, and inflation, as evolved by Hyman Minsky.
10. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) believes it would be too difficult to cut the existing budget to cover all the new administration’s planned expenditures.

Special Announcement to my fellow Analysts

Over the weekend the New York Times (NYT) published an article on the death of Bernadette Bartels Murphy. She was a former President of the New York Society of Security Analysts, as was I. Bernadette re-popularized chart reading and helped put the Market Technicians on their feet. When I talk with portfolio managers who have survived the cyclicality of the marketplace, they rarely couch their thinking about market analysis, as many benefitted from her efforts. We and the market have lost a major contributor to our progress.

 

PS

Early Asian trades are reacting to rumors of substantial forced margin account liquidations, probably from hedge funds. This could be a problem for the US Monday morning.

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/2-presidential-lessons-to-be.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/next-race-winner-weekly-blog-671.html

Did someone forward you this blog? 

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Copyright © 2008 - 2020

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

2 Presidential Lessons to be Learned/NASDAQ Clue - Weekly Blog # 673

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

2 Presidential Lessons to be Learned/NASDAQ Clue

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

 

For Want of a Nail

For want of a nail the shoe was lost.

For want of a shoe the horse was lost.

For want of a horse the rider was lost.

For want of a rider the message was lost.

For want of a message the battle was lost.

For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.

And all for want of a horseshoe nail.

A similar proverb has been coming to us for many centuries, in many languages, showing the critical importance of micro elements on macro events. As a bottom-up analyst I have learned to build macro views from the micro, distinct from many top-down thinkers who believe a macro view is appropriate for investment decision making.

Learning from Past Presidential Mistakes 

Before the current administration attempts to dictate its top-down views it would be wise to review the consequences of prior Presidents’ actions, which had the opposite effect of their intensions and led to severe repercussions for the world, country, and investors. In two cases, the party affiliation of the president did not save him from important mistakes.

FDR

The current administration is described as the most “progressive” since FDR, whose effort to redeploy the population and redistribute their wealth, took a bad recession caused by unsound debt policies and turned it into a long Depression lasting to the needed World War II. (Note, depression is a psychological term and is not designed for an economic period.) The lesson coming from this 12-year period was the central government being as much a part of the problem as the solution. In the eyes of potential aggressors, the US was weakened and would be slow to respond due to a lack of demonstrated political will. (Including, shifting government spending from buying to producing, a weak and outdated military, raising taxes on productive portions of society, and making it illegal for Americans to own gold.)

Richard Nixon

Became an advocate for Keynesian contracyclical spending and closed “The Gold Window”, which prevented  the US from buying gold from foreign nations for dollars and ignited the sharpest rise in inflation in modern times. While he did open the door to China, he saw it in military terms and did not contemplate the commercial plusses and minuses. 

Influences on the Stock Market

There are three mega market concerns: 

1. Economic/political concerns
2. Corporate views and earnings
3. Market structure changes

I am delighted most investors view the market impact in the order listed. As a contrarian, I take the reverse order as more important. Looking for “The Nail…”. A basic rule of investigation is to not believe the owners of the “printing presses”, demonstrated by the Federal Reserve’s terrible record on predicting economic turning points. One of the reasons that their record is so bad is that the Fed and the government use tax data for individual income. (I am sure everyone reading this blog attempts to show the maximum amount of possible income on their tax forms.) 

Corporate earnings releases have become very “plastic”. “Adjusted” financials now take prominence over audited statements in letters from the CEO. In the era of ESG and Diversity, commentary is about wishes and intentions, not current conditions. Thus, I put much more credence in securities transaction reports, even though I am conscious of trades occurring “off the market”. In addition, for historical reasons I have a lot of confidence in mutual fund data. It is from these vantage points the following views are offered.

Current Briefs

1. In the current week ended Thursday, mutual funds gaining more than 10% for the week included: 5 Value funds, 4 each in small and mid-cap funds, and 2 each in Core Commodities and Global funds. While smaller and mid-cap value funds were generally favored, individual stock selection was critical.
2. Six of the top 25 for the week invested in Japan and 8 of the bottom-10 were invested in natural resources.
3. Net fund flows for the week focused on portfolio attributes as well as immediate performance.
4. The JOC-ECRI Industrial Price Index year-over-year is +75%

New York Stock Exchange vs. NASDAQ

1. Volume year-to-date through Friday:  NYSE -25.57% vs. NASDAQ +25.14%                                                                                                                           
2. New Highs, New Lows, Number of Securities Traded

                 NYSE     NASDAQ

New Highs    820        784

New Lows      95        231

# Traded    3419       4322

NYSE is more bullish, but NASDAQ is Savvier, as shown on Thursday with the 400 plus point drop.

What Do You Think? Did I find a nail? If not, what would be?

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/next-race-winner-weekly-blog-671.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/did-something-happen-last-week-weekly.html

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Copyright © 2008 - 2020

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Comfort Concerns - Weekly Blog # 672

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Comfort Concerns

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Good Numbers

This week’s US stock market performance numbers are great: Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) +4.07%, NASDAQ +3.09%, and S&P 500 +2.74%. (Cannot expect to keep up this rate.) Individual investors apparently believe these bullish results can continue for at least six months. The American Association of Individual Investor’s (AAII) weekly sample survey indicates that 49.4% are bullish, up from 40.3% the week before. (Market analysts treat the AAII numbers as a contrarian indicator.)

One of the underlying supports for this bullish attitude is the average per person wealth in the US surpassing its former peak, which occurred just prior to the Coronavirus hitting. This is true, according to the Federal Reserve, even excluding the net worth of the 2100 US billionaires, who produced an average per household net worth of $330,000. (In view of these numbers, one wonders if the various stimulus measures passed, and other discussed, are going to unleash high inflation, with too many dollars chasing too few dollar-earning assets.)

By far the largest portion of the average American’s wealth is invested in financial assets (equity and fixed income), followed by real estate. A sample survey of people expected to receive stimulus checks indicates they plan to put half of it into “the market”. This appears to be particularly true of younger or inexperienced investors.

Late Stages

Often, individual and institutional investors who’ve built up their cash reserves, as many currently have, get sucked back into the market. (There is the story of Sir Isaac Newton, the famous scientist and the Master of the English Mint, who withdrew his personal assets from the market in the early stages of “The South Sea Bubble”, only to be sucked back in during the momentum move at the end, losing all his money.) Investors, recognizing the declining value of their money relative to the sharply rising value of tradable assets, often feel the need to quickly catch up and concentrate their purchases on what is moving up the fastest (momentum). 

Interpreting Fund Flows and Yield Curves

The combination of flows into both conventional mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs) has been positive the past few weeks. This represents a change for mutual funds, particularly equity funds, which for many years have been in net redemptions, despite generally good absolute investment performance due to actuarial and job-related issues. 

Investors reaching retirement age often reduce their perceived risks by reducing their equity exposure. Sometimes, this switch comes earlier than expected due to an earlier than planned retirement or a business difficulties. Exchange traded fund products often attract shorter-term investors, who want to capture market volatility and some tax advantages.

The recent change in the aggregate behavior of fund buyers suggests, similar to The South Sea Bubble, that normally conservative investors feel their reserves are losing value relative to equities. This past week, investors put a net $45 billion into funds, with $29 billion going into money market funds and only $15 billion into equity funds. $1.1 billion went into tax exempt funds and $683 million went into taxable bond funds. I suspect a good bit of the money going into money market funds was transitioned from other investments.

The US Treasury yield curve tracks the difference in yield at various maturities. Interest payments are made to investors for delaying the consumption of their wealth, or for investing in more active and speculative securities. It makes sense that the longer investors delay spending their money, the more they should demand from borrowers,  often the US government. Investors traditionally need to guess how much purchasing power will be lost over the period they lend their money out. When they demand higher interest rates, particularly for extended periods, they are gauging their inflation risk. 

Today, there is a major dichotomy between what the US Government thinks long-term inflation will be, through the Fed and Treasury, and what the commercial world thinks. The US Government thinks it’s under 2%, while the JOC-ECRI Industrial Price Index year over year change is now +59.48%! Even if one discounts the index by 90% due to its volatile composition, this suggests future investors dealing with inflation rates in the region of 5%. This 2-5% spread is enough for some investors to change their asset allocations.

In searching for investments to protect against the markets being flooded with cash and materially higher inflation; it is normal to look for an investment with momentum behind it. In many ways momentum is a catch-up move to compensate for prior slow or down periods. Thus, it is not surprising that 16 of the best performing mutual funds for the week were small-cap funds, with the others tied to rising energy prices or financials expected to be flush with earnings from reserves that are too high. 

Warning!!

Four of the worst performing funds for the week were invested in the China Region. This is disturbing, as China is the single largest contributor to both global growth and world trade. The authoritarian government is actively attempting to address a growing debt expansion. While the debt is on the books of various provinces and non-bank financials, it is both a political and economic problem for the central government due to the exposure of the Chinese people. A slower growing China could be a major concern for the rest of the world.

Conclusion:

Each investor should review the concerns raised in this blog and make their own decision as to how to apply these possibilities to their multiple investment responsibilities. Please don’t ignore these possibilities completely. 

Also, if you would like to discuss, I would be happy to have a Socratic discussion with you. 

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/03/next-race-winner-weekly-blog-671.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/did-something-happen-last-week-weekly.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/debt-inflation-and-markets-weekly-blog.html

Did someone forward you this blog? 

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Copyright © 2008 - 2020

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

Next Race Winner - Weekly Blog # 671

 

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

Next Race Winner

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

My best education in picking my next winning investment was not taking the graduate course in Security Analysis as an undergraduate under Professor David Dodd, co-author with Benjamin Graham of the seminal textbook. While the course was very valuable in helping me understand markets, it was not particularly useful in helping me pick future winners, particularly if the future was different than the past.

My single best education in picking winning investments were from the grandstands and paddock at the New York Racetracks. Losing some of your hard earnings on foolish bets did wonders for concentrating the mind. The purpose of this blog is not to discuss handicapping horseraces, but to share an approach for avoiding losses and making betting profits overall.

For purposes of this blog, there are three analytical elements from the track I find useful in picking investments. These elements also help in limiting losses and produce winners over time. (Hopefully, some of my grandchildren and great-grandchildren will learn these approaches as they invest time, money, and emotion in their lives.)

While both security analysis and racetrack handicapping delve into history going back three generations or more, handicapping is more focused on future races or tomorrow’s newspapers than the extrapolation of current trends. One handicapper advantage is the identified conditions of the race are stipulated. How tomorrow’s headlines will impact tomorrow’s investments is unknown. The first analytical task at the track is to compare the conditions, including: distance, weather, track conditions, weight carried on the horse, the jockey, and equipment on the horse. These items, among other things, should be evaluated for all the horse’s recent races and for the upcoming races. (I only wish I had the same level of detail in making marketable invest decisions.) 

In studying the past races of horses, it is worth noting how the horse reacted under past conditions and what the anticipated changes are in upcoming race. Some horses, if they get to the front early on a muddy track, can hold on and win if they are not too tired. Others, that have a lineage or history of regularly coming from behind, particularly on a muddy track, can beat tiring horses. (Some CEOs have no experience being raided or losing a crucial patent case, while others have campaigned successfully in these contests.)

Speaking of the difference in CEOs. Some jockeys use their whip frequently and punish horses not running to their capacity, whereas others ride with a light touch and coax the best out their horses. While one might like one type of jockey over another, the horse owner and future breeder, or the trainer, is probably a better judge. (The Board of Apple fired Steve Jobs who was not doing a good job, but then rehired him after he got more experience at managing a company. They later replaced Jobs, who was ill, with a much different Tim Cook. I have made a lot of money investing in companies that had CEOs I would not want being the trustee of my children or on a desert island, although they did a great job running the company.)

Currently, one of the most useful techniques is to look for horses not moving the fastest in the previous part of the race. Although not winning the previous part of the race, they were passing tiring horses or were accelerating. They did this because it’s the way they run in the early part of a race, or because they didn’t have sufficient racing room. In science & tech, biotech, and entertainment companies, the future is dictated by what is in development, not past financial records.

Applying Track Lessons to Current Investment Policy

For the next generation, the investment world is likely to be dominated by China and the US. In future generations, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria could become fully competitive. Today, a dollar-based score card would have the US far in the lead, probably making it the single biggest component in a long-term investment account. However, China is the fastest moving economy. We may not like the way their jockey rides his horse (Nation), but he has been very effective. He has also recognized the provincial debt problem, which has political implications and needs to be watched. 

There is no reason to doubt China will exceed the US in many ways in the foreseeable future. The actual timing of their taking the lead is a function of the additional weight we are putting in the US saddlebags to slow us down. Thus, any investment should be analyzed with an eye toward what China is doing both at home and globally. Hedging large US investments may require some investment in Chinese enterprises.

A Slowing/Maturing US and Redistribution

On a secular basis, US operating margins have been slipping for some time. We have not noticed it in reported earnings per share due to a combination of issues, camouflaged by increased debt, lower taxes, more foreign earnings, and buy-backs. We have become a mature economy with a small working age population. Furthermore, our school systems are producing people with insufficient real-world education and poor work attitudes.

 

In many ways the current administration is repeating the errors of the 1930s, where the government took a somewhat normal recession caused by excessive leverage and turned it into a depression by attempting to use authoritative top-down social mandates. They terrorized private capital, leading to a slump in capital investment and the formation of new companies. 

As is often the case, one should not pay heed to what professional politicians say, but to the impact of what they do. The “COVID $1.9 Trillion Bill” rammed through the Senate should be relabeled “The 9% COVID Solution to Political Problems Bill”, “The First Redistribution Act”, or “The How to Kill Your Children’s Opportunity Bill”.  

The real intent of the Administration is to increase the deficit in any way it can, requiring taxes to be raised through one large omnibus bill or many separate acts. Their main purpose is to capture private-sector money and use it to fulfill socialist goals. What they forget is that close to half of all employees work for small companies, which large companies depend on to train their future workers. These small companies also produce products and services at lower cost, in part due to their lower compensation and benefits.

The initial capital supporting a small business is the after-tax savings of the entrepreneur. Support also comes from the after-tax savings of family and friends. The more successful small businesses can occasionally tap into private equity and debt funds, which are also funded with after-tax dollars. The pool of after-tax savings comes from the net profits after inflation, and the declining value of the US dollar will curtail the purchasing power of domestic earnings.

Looking to the future of our grandchildren and great grandchildren. They should be prepared to live outside of the US, possibly in Asia, as the reduction of private capital will reduce job opportunities in the US. Sound retirement planning suggests that US investments should be hedged by appropriate investments beyond the control of the US government.

There is Some Hope

Both the current occupant of The White House and his predecessor are doing a brilliant job adding to the base of their rivals. As both leaders pull more away from the center, some will want protection against the extremes. The 2022 congressional elections are an opportunity to accomplish a strong center by electing centrist Senate and House members of both parties. This could prevent The White House from accomplishing its redeployment of capital and other socialist goals. 

It could happen. The current topping of the US stock market and collapsing US Treasury prices, along with the declining value of the US dollar, should be enough of a warning. If not, we could see a copy of the long depression, leading eventually to an economically provoked war.

Questions of the Week:

1. Do you think this kind of problem set is possible?
2. Do you have any plans to include this possibility in your investment planning?

Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/did-something-happen-last-week-weekly.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/debt-inflation-and-markets-weekly-blog.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2021/02/mike-lippers-monday-morning-musings.html

Did someone forward you this blog? 

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at AML@Lipperadvising.com

Copyright © 2008 - 2020

A. Michael Lipper, CFA

All rights reserved.

Contact author for limited redistribution permission.