What is Next After the Next Next? - Weekly Blog # 625

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

What is Next After the Next Next?

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

Most people focus on the current conditions. However, as someone who has always been influenced by repetitive history, I wonder whether we are approaching a significant turning point. While I do not know, I believe it is worth pondering. Allow me to sight three events that identified turning points that changed the pursuits of individuals and nations around the world.

1. An important change in the direction of human behavior after an extended period of time. 
2. An event or a series of events that distinctly break with the past. 
3. Prominent actors primarily focusing on current problems and being oblivious of the long-term implications of their actions. Three examples are: The end of the Dark Ages in Europe, World War I, and World War II. Each example resulted from the following:

• A different kind of pivotal leadership
• A weakened old order, both politically and economically
• A relatively small invention that changed many lives
• The introduction of a period of rapid change
• People willing to participate in radical change

The end of the European Dark Ages was caused by changes initiated by Henry VIII and his daughter Queen Elizabeth, Martin Luther, fundamental scientific discoveries, and Gold from Latin America.

It was not WWI itself, but the failure of the peace in solving the political problems facing Europe and its place in the world. The development of the airplane changed the modern world, ending geographical isolation and igniting the rapid development of mass arms manufacturing and radio as political weapon.

WWII relied on political leaders inciting their populations to go to war, the development of long-range missiles, nuclear energy, and substantial improvement in medicine/hygiene.

Current Condition
During the current pandemic, many political leaders across the world have put their citizens on a war status, by limiting their movements and working conditions. They are also rapidly developing specific therapies and hopefully cures. The US and other stock markets around the world have ended an expansion driven by lenient and inexpensive credit restraints for both the private and public sectors. We entered the fastest bear market ever, in an economic and financial world measured instantaneously. Whether it is over is subject to debate.

Readers of these blogs know that I identified the March 18th low as a “stealth bottom”. It was successfully tested on March 23rd, which was lower but did not bring on new waves of selling. There are a significant number of market followers, perhaps 1/3 of the financial community, who believe a lower low is coming. They could be correct but utilizing my odds tracking experience I don’t think so.

The following statistical sample utilizes the average mutual fund performance from 3/19 to 4/16, which arrays in a pattern seen in the last bull market: Growth funds +17.27%, Core funds +14.87%, and Value funds +13.48%. The more narrowly focused funds were led by Global Science and Tech. +21.16% and Real Estate +20.46%. These were followed by mid and small-cap funds.

The leading performance of narrowly based funds is significant because they do not have the same market liquidity as the larger and more diversified funds. Investors appear to be willing to accept more risk, suggesting they may believe we have seen the bottom.

If there is going to be another major down-leg, there is lots of “dry powder around to absorb it. Money market fund assets have reached record levels, with retail investor’s cash reserves now representing 14% of their allocation. Last quarter clients of JP Morgan Investment Advisory accounts added $75 Billion in liquid reserves, while redeeming $2 Billion in long-term accounts.

Those who follow the investment management business are familiar with Howard Marks. (I have known him since he was a portfolio manager of a closed-end convertible securities fund in the early 1980s.) He has been a very successful investment manager since his early days. Recently he sold control of Oaktree Capital to Brookfield Asset Management, retaining his ownership in the company. His public intention is to raise $15 Billion in a distressed securities fund. One can read this two-ways, he may be anticipating a lower market where he can buy cheap assets, or he could be anticipating an opportunity to sell assets at higher prices.

The Next after The Next
There is a good chance the investment world will not return to “normal” once we declare victory on COVID-19. I believe this period of working from home in various forms of isolation has fundamentally changed our behavior patterns. How we live, operate, invest, shop, entertain, receive healthcare, contract for loans/insurance, and how we conduct family and other relationships. At some point we will come to the realization that we have become too fixed-asset oriented. I expect changes in shopping, education, and healthcare. Furthermore, we will become more dependent on technology for all these things, through instruments like the Apple Watch, cell phones, and other instruments not yet on the market.

As investors we may be paying less attention to physical assets and more attention to leadership, applied to our specific needs. Management will need to get out of their offices, plants, and laboratories to learn of our desires and how they can solve our problems. I expect the world of my grandchildren and great grandchildren will be quite different than they are today, creating an additional burden on me as an investment advisor. Please help with any suggestions you have. 
 


Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/04/long-term-investors-mistakes-ahead.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/04/time-to-get-out-of-foxhole-weekly-blog.html

https://mikelipper.blogspot.com/2020/03/where-we-are-depends-on-where-we-have.html



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A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
Contact author for limited redistribution permission.

We Are in a Training Exercise - Weekly Blog # 548

Mike Lipper’s Monday Morning Musings

We Are in a Training Exercise

Editors: Frank Harrison 1997-2018, Hylton Phillips-Page 2018 –

         

We are Never too Old or too Rich Not to Learn
After almost ten years of a one-way domestic stock market we are experiencing some discomfort. Fixed income markets have been falling for some time and most commodities and currencies, ex the US dollar, are in bear markets. One might say that many investors in the US stock market over the last ten years have learned little and forgotten much.

Some of the realities we have forgotten:

1. Change is always present, but it becomes noticeable at different rates and times. From a portfolio standpoint, the time of maximum risk is often when each position is profitable.  The current prices of many positions are two to one hundred times their original cost. The danger herein lies in the belief that the size of these gains is permanent. Any detailed study of wealth over the years will show that it fluctuates and the only way to lose a lot money is to make a lot before one loses some or all.

One way to see the power of change is to examine the ten largest market capitalization companies in a series of ten-year intervals,1998-2008-2018. (See the footnote as to why the three periods were selected.) Only Microsoft and Exxon made the list in all three periods. Thus, there was an 80% failure to maintain relative market capitalization. One might say that any long-term investor who does not own these two for the next ten or twenty years is betting that they don’t survive at the top of the relative peak in market cap.

2. Perhaps, the most creative part of human nature is the ability to circumnavigate around an accepted standard. At one point in financial history the most important measure was yield, which was replaced with book value, which gave way to size and then to earnings per share. Now it is non-GAAP earnings. Usually, sellers of securities favor the old popular measure, where buyers prefer a newer version. Because of changes in accounting standards, tax rates, and regulations, private equity participants often use EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Depreciation, and Amortization). I prefer operating earnings adjusted for debt service. The one thing I am confident of is that in ten years the transaction price battle between buyers and sellers will utilize other analytical measures. The art of selling well and buying wisely demands nothing less.

3. One of the most valuable lessons that Charlie Munger taught Warren Buffett was that it was better to buy a good company than a good business. With the cycle of disrupting the old and replacing it with the new, there is a risk of buying into a copycat model based on the financial ratios of some currently successful company or venture. At one point there were some 300 US automotive companies, semiconductor manufacturers, restaurants, banks, insurance companies, and universities. According to Mr. Buffett, a good business is one that any fool could run and often does.

Defining a good company is not a mathematical or a historic exercise. The focus of the search is not on the “C” suite exclusively, it’s on the bulk of the people. Can they do the next important job? Do they have the trust of their clients and suppliers? Will they generate many of the new ideas and procedures that make both large and small differences. While too many annual reports state that their employees are their best asset, some do make that condition happen.

4. Market price liquidity is not important until it becomes critical. Most of the time price sensitive buyers and sellers keep prices and the spreads between them in check. During periods of stress the urgent price insensitive buyer or seller dominates the market and is a heavy user of the liquidity pool. As their insistent need to trade uses up much of the present liquidity, it frightens away some potential liquidity providers, leading to both greater than normal dispersion of prices and spreads between bid and offer levels. Often the price insensitive player is motivated by a need to meet an obligation. This could be an Authorized Participant or a Market-Maker keeping his book in balance. The biggest destabilizer is an owner meeting an immediate margin call.

There are some that say the unusually severe drop in the Chinese “A” share market was caused by the government’s concern about the quantity of  debt in China. They put pressure on the four major government-controlled banks to reduce the size of their loans. They in-turn called part or all of the loans to various entrepreneurs who pledged shares in their company. To meet the call they liquidated enough of their holdings to meet the banks’ demands.

Maybe one of the reasons  many NASDAQ stocks with good earnings and prospects fell more than other stocks is that large portions of their shares were owned by hedge funds, private equity funds, and senior employees who were meeting margin calls. This is the kind of market action that has been periodically happening ever since there have been collateralized loans.

At times, the size of the liquidity pool is more sensitive to sudden changes in sentiment than financial and economic numbers. Periodically, changes in political trends can cause driven investors and speculators to become price insensitive, causing liquidity providers to reduce their commitments or retire from the game.

Perhaps investors have learned enough from last week’s training exercise. Enough to know that when the real market reversal comes they will recognize what to do, before, during, and after a future “big one”. I hope so.

Footnote
2018 is ten years from the last major market decline and 31 years from the biggest single day decline, which was much more a market phenomenon than an economic one.

2008 was the first year of the great financial crises. This was the result of excess leverage by the private sector in response to a series of governments attempts to postpone a crisis in the economy, although they made future crises worse.

1998 was the year I sold the operating assets of Lipper Analytical to Reuters Group Ltd. It was a good company because we had good people who were dedicated to helping both our direct and indirect clients. 


Did you miss my blog last week? Click here to read.

Did someone forward you this blog?

To receive Mike Lipper’s Blog each Monday morning, please subscribe by emailing me directly at
AML@Lipperadvising.com

Copyright © 2008 - 2018

A. Michael Lipper, CFA
All rights reserved
Contact author for limited redistribution permission.